A field guide to help you identify the "local" flora and fauna. Written for NaNoGenMo 2020.
I knew well enough the whole world, and every thing they say or do. To this i answer, neither gerrard nor parkinson, or any that ever wrote in the english tongue, much more than i have done? They say reason makes a man differ from a beast; if that be true, why do they contradict one another? For forty years he has undergone in seeing them. Perhaps their authors knew a reason for every thing in it, was formed of a great god. But you will say, what need i have made very many additions to every sheet in the like nature, ever gave one wise reason for their judgment, quote old authors? In mr. louis agassiz fuertes, the national geographic magazine�that of november, 1916, devoted to the various motions of the book itself. Truly in writing this work first, to satisfy myself, i drew out all the authors i could read gave me but little satisfaction in this country. Honesty, a stranger in our �book of birds.�
I�ll give thee antipathetical cure; take my herb wormwood, and if infortunes will do good, what will fortunes do? In the dispute they fell out, and in sussex the smaller beech, but in essex we call another herb by that time this hath been in flower awhile.all the several kinds, since but only two or three sorts are found commonly growing wild here, the description thereof, nor myself with setting forth the several kinds thereof are so well known to every good housewife in the bladder. The juice thereof is a fortune, and be drunk? Once a month he meets with the body of men, and that is the greatest cordial among all vegetables.both the tame and the other from scorpio; give me thy leave by sympathy to cure as well green wounds, as old and filthy sores and malignant ulcers.
The root is white, hard and short, somewhat like to plantain, and fashioned like pease or broom blossoms, but of a fair purple colour, spotted with white spots in them, and parted into many branches, whereon grow divers perfect blue flowers, and after them come small dark green colour, which is most commonly of a whitish blue colour. Its flowers are long, and of a light green colour, somewhat resembling the leaves from the one side of the branches, come forth cornered seed, four for the most part joined together at a joint, yet sometimes from the garden, and defend it from the main downright one, with many ribs or veins like to violets, and they again divided into many parts, where the leaves set on all other sorts of those herbs do. This has divers weak but rough and hairy, smelling somewhat stronger.
They grow almost every county of this land, and is seldom found far from st. albans, upon a common between mitcham and croydon, in the land. It grows more usually in bogs and moorish places, and also by hedge-sides, and in many places of this land, as in hampstead church-yard, at wye in kent, at beaconsfield in buckinghamshire, and many open untilled places of this land. This tree or shrub may be plentifully found near london, as between greenhithe and gravesend.
It flowers in june, and their seed is ripe in august. They flower in june and july, and august, and part of september, before they be taken a little heat. Our privet flowers in june and july, giving seed the next year it springs up again, and not shed them.
If the herb to cleanse and help to all the purposes aforesaid. The eternal god, when he was overthrown, a scroll of his also, if you tie a fine cooling medicine for the biting of serpents, and kills the worms in children; and the juice of the breast and lungs, ripening and digesting cold phlegm, oppressing it, kills worms in the treasury of mithridates, king of pontus, when he was so choleric as you make a vinegar of roses, syrup of dry agues. The juice of it were used, it helps the stranguary, and expel the gravel and the shrew mouse, and other inward pains arising of heat, being taken either by itself, or the powder or decoction of the sides, and the like; and takes them away.
The winged leaves set one against another upon the ground, much larger too, for the most part joined together in that manner, before it is fresh, spreading divers fangs in the ground, increasing into divers small branches, bear reddish or purplish red, lighter or deeper, according as the flower-de-luce has, this has only three short pieces standing in the ground.
It grows commonly through this land commonly, and as well on the church walls at mayfield in sussex, in a wood called the old park, in barcomb, in essex, and other places in the fens in lincolnshire. It grows between longford and bow, and beyond southwark, by the ditch side, brooks and other waste grounds. The male and female french mercury are found wild in many places of this land, in the fields and places that are shady, as open to the sea, both on the higher as the lower places under hedge-sides in all counties of this land, and is ready to choak what ever grows near it. It used to grow near lamb�s conduit, on the shady side, where it is not my purpose to insist upon them. It may be plentifully found near london, as between rotherhithe and deptford, by the ways and hedge-sides, and ditches. It is found wild in many places of this land, and the other two are more rare, and hard to be had in the land.
It flowers from june, sometimes to the latter end of may, and their seed is ripe in august. Their time is likewise expressed before: the catkins coming forth before the seed is ripe soon after. It is an annual plant, flowering in july, and seed in may, and in february; for before the end of april they are all of a black colour, and therefore you shall always find upon the ground when any hot weather comes, for the most part, and the seed is ripe in july. It flowers at the soonest.
Venus is so powerful to help those that cannot make water. Take it inwardly in any part of the herb, or to stay bleeding of wounds, if either the green herb bruised and laid upon any boil or plague sore, and puts them to heal any inward bruise. The fruit and rind of the seed of parsley, burnet, saxifrage, and carraways, of each equal parts, and those distillations of thin rheum upon the stomach and belly. The roots are held powerful to stay defluctions, especially such whose stomachs are swollen, dissolving and breaking the stone than this.
The decoction or powder of it every morning, half a pint of the kernels of the leaves, drank with the gravel, stone, or stoppage of urine, the cure of old sores and fistulous ulcers. Of the leaves bruised and laid to the purposes aforesaid.there is another sort of wild blites like the former, save that the leaves hath been quenched, is also good to cleanse the head from scurf, and from dry and running sores, stays the immoderate bleeding thereof. It opens and cleanses the lungs, cause shortness of breath, than which nothing is falser? Also, dr. butler, in a vein, stays the immoderate flux of the cold arssmart, put to a horse or other parts of man or woman; and helps to cleanse and cool the heat of the rest.the way of use is to take away the pains; gargled in the muscles, sinews or arteries.
The root is shorter, more woody, and blackish on the top than below; the flowers grow at the top with small yellowish green leaves rising from the bottom than they are, but something smaller; both leaves and stalks are two feet high, or more, full of yellow leaves, broad at the ends, standing upon little or nothing dented about the edges. Our lesser burnet saxifrage grows up with a pith or umble, each upon a thick round stalk, about two feet high, crested all the winter, shooting out fibres at it; the whole plant, and every part, has a very thick and long green leaves, long and slender green stalks by three, snipped about, and of a dark purple colour, which is sometimes two feet high, spreading many branches under ground, so hairy or prickly, that if they be bruised between the fingers. In the middle rib, but broad at the top it spreads divers branches, at the tops of which stand flowers, almost like mustard.
It grows generally throughout this land, but are cherished in gardens only. It grows in woods and fields as moist, in many places of our land, in waste untilled and barren fields. It grows by way-sides and lanes, in many parts of the fields by hedge-sides in all the winter. It grows plentifully in almost every county of this land in divers places, as hampstead heath, hyde park, and in the west parts in kent, huntingdon, cambridge, and northamptonshire; as also in many places. The other sort in gardens and orchards through this land. If you please to take them up from thence, and transplant them in cold grounds, by wood-sides, and sometimes in the fields about london in many of the first shews the place of its own accord in gardens for a sallad herb; the second plentifully in many of the hedges and way-sides, and in stony places upon the ground, at the least, if not overflowed with water.
It flowers and seeds in july, and the seed ripens shortly after. It flowers in june and august and september. They flower from the same root again.
The powder thereof doth the apple tree. It is also of excellent use to help an inveterate cough, and helps all knots, kernels, hard swellings, and closes up the lips of wounds, be they never so violent. It kills the worms, not only used by the art of the belly and stomach, and strengthens the heart against the mumps and quinsey; and further saith, that this herb lieth the chief effect for the trembling of the arm-pits, increases milk in women�s breasts, upon cancers also, and for the bitten of mad dogs, the poisonous operation of cantharides, upon the stomach and the distilled water only of the loins, and for the bloody flux, or flux of humours. Being bruised and boiled in wine, or the juice thereof made into powder, and taken in wine is an especial ingredient in all wounds both inward and outward.
At the tops whereof stand two, three or four, somewhat like unto cloves, especially those which grow wild abroad, have sundry small, long, blackish strings, which stick deeply into the edges, others very much rent and torn on the tops of the stalks without shedding. This rises up with slender hard and with the ripe seed. This sends forth seven, eight, or nine leaves from the root, but very smooth, divided towards the top into two or three feet high, but usually they fall away quickly, and after them come small long piece; all of them many long strings, with some white spots both in form they resemble a tongue, in colour they are ripe, wherein lie small, white, and sometimes of an aromatical taste from whence come many smooth leaves, every one cut in on the ground, but spreads rather under the upper crust of the middle rib for the multitude of leaves upon them, twice as big as the leaves of angelica, but that it touches, and not so thick as the whole umbel to show like a little down to the top; at the first winter cold will grow and flourish. The knot is black, long, and hard, perishing every year, and the seed being alike also in the middle, which turn into long crooked pods, wherein are contained a small, round, chaffy heads out of the branches, being round and strong, but good scent, especially when it is made of many small reddish kernels of roots covered with discoloured chapped bark, and much gaping hoods of a sad green colour, without dents on the ground; but both stalks and branches stand umbels of white flowers, star fashion, smelling somewhat strong, but not of such wings set one against another upon the ground, and abides after seed-time.
They delight to grow. They grow in woods, and in shadowy ditches and many open untilled places of this land. The first, which is easily to be found among the bogs on hampstead heath. The first generally through this land.
It blossoms early before the end of may, for the most part, and the seed is ripe usually before the fall away, and their seed is ripe in june, july, and are in flower from the old roots. They keep their leaves green all the winter.
It is an antidote, or counter-poison against all kind of crow-foot. The juice made into a glass, and set in the loins and hips. The same taken with figs beaten together, is said to help those that are swoln and hot, doth dissolve it, and break it.
It is also excellently good for a hot stomach, and hot liver; the unmeasurable use of any thing else doth harm. I�ll give thee antipathetical cure; take my herb wormwood, and if the liver be disaffected, minister none of it.it is called carduus benedictus, or blessed thistle, or holy thistle. It is also called by those that are as follow.they are called also water-pepper, or culrage.
Among which do abide a great way round about, quickly overspreading a garden. After they are something hairy, each leaf consisting of four small round burs, somewhat like those of a sullen hoary green colour, and out of the smooth or ordinary endive.
The first is sown in gardens and fields, by the hedges.
And flowers in one place or other of them may be found all the summer long. The roots are gathered for use, as well in the end of may, and the fruit of the spring do spend them. It flowers in may, and the seed is ripe soon after. It flowers for the most physical uses; the dwarf kinds thereof flowers in july, seeding for the most part, and the seed is ripe in august. It flowers in may, and the seed ripening quickly after, namely in june and july. It shoots forth its young buds in the spring, and abides until the next year it springs from the same root again.
It helps st. anthony�s fire, and stays defluxion of the flower first steeped in vinegar, until they become black and blue spots of blows or otherwise, and to expel gravel and wind. The juice of sage drank with wine, it is so drying and temperate quality doth afterwards heal them; there is not safe to use the wood made into a frenzy, but also from being drunk with too much abounding of women�s breasts, and to stay, dry up, and consume all thin rheums and distillations upon the brims of ulcers, or they a little slit or cut, and will draw a blister, and may be discerned a great strengthener of the mouth or throat, and privities, by gargling or washing with the gall of an adder, and biting nature, under the lion. The greater wild daisy is a singularly good to cleanse the parts that are bald, causing the pains and singing in them, and to expel the after-birth. It helps those clefts or chops that come thereby, as the headache and megrims, and all the afore-mentioned diseases.
The root is white and shining; from among them, being two or three feet; and being weak, is not long, but white, hard and prickly as when they are ripe; of a hot and sharp, biting on the inside, though green without; which, after two or three together, being small and white, very finely waved, whereby it quickly spreads a great deal of white flowers; at the top stand four or five feet high, rising from the bottom than the female, but more usually pointed at the tops of the bigness of a dirty green colour.
It grows more plentifully in the hedges and way-sides in untilled places; and being once planted in fields and gardens, in divers other places to fatten swine. It grows wild in many places of this land, especially in such as are very barren: sometimes you may find it on the bodies of them that are moist, for therein it delights to grow near lamb�s conduit, on the shady side, where it will remain there.
It flowers not until the frost nips them. It shoots forth its young buds in the spring, and continue but until the middle of may, for the most part when june is past, perfecting their seed at midsummer. They flower about midsummer and july, and the seed is ripe.
They are dangerous for women to a penny how a shilling is coined: as for the same purpose. To take now and then mars is no less effectual to wash the mouth easeth the toothache. The field beans have all the defects and diseases of the heart infinitely in fevers, whether infectious or pestilential; or among other virtues saith of it, if it proceed from the brain, as continual head-ache, falling-sickness, melancholy, drowsiness and dullness of the throat, if it be next the flowers; and, last of all, the leaves. The root boiled in wine with a sour humour in the loins, and for the deafness and pains of them; it is very safe and speedy delivery in travail. The leaves wrapt in a decoction of ground pine drank, doth stay them in the morning, and drank fasting, drives forth the worms in children. The seed is more forcible in working on melancholic humours; and available against the plague, and have a cleansing attractive quality, whereby it is one of the h�morrhoids or piles, if it be dropped into the wounds, and to expel gravel and wind.
The root grows to be hard, rough, hollow stalks, jointed at sundry places. The root is somewhat long, with many round, woody, hairy stalks about two feet high, or not at all; the flowers are white, coming forth with the leaves are more and higher branches, whose lower leaves as the husk of asarabacca, and somewhat dark green leaves, dented about the edges, somewhat like the stock gilliflowers, but rounder, and not so fair and large, and like the other waxes lank, and perishes. The leaves are longish, though somewhat broad, and pointed somewhat like plantain, but somewhat long, for the multitude of leaves growing thereat, and abides many years. The leaves are sadder, and somewhat crusted stalk, about two feet high, with square hairy stalks, three or four crooked pods like horns.
This tree or shrub may be found plentifully about hampstead heath, and elsewhere.
They flower and seed in the year, or not at all, although they are gone, and not to be dried and kept all the year long, although they flower from the beginning of september. The roots and leaves be quite turned red and gone, and not to be found. They flower in june, and the seed is ripe about the end of june and july, and the seed is ripe shortly after.
The green leaves bruised, and applied to the stomach and liver.
This is likewise called bee nettle.the hot arssmart is called sanguisorbia, pimpinella, bipulo, solbegrella, &c. Being applied to the other, if at all. The juice thereof is a very neglected plant. The black sort is likewise called bee nettle.the hot arssmart is called cat�s-foot, ground-ivy, gill-go-by-ground, and gill-creep-by-ground, turn-hoof, haymaids, and alehoof.it is called hoar-strange, and hoar-strong, sulphur-wort, and brimstone-wort.to give a description at large of it is also called by those that are as follow.they are called also dead-wort, and wall-wort.this tree is so well known, even by the florists of our days, it is called white vine by some; and the same herb, and that the common name, it is all together needless to write a description of any thing else doth harm.
Both stalks, leaves, and the leaves are also. The root is small, and of a dusky, greyish colour. This has divers weak square stalks lying in a long foot stalks, also consisting of five broad pointed leaves, every one whereof stand two, three or four fingers in length, set with slender, small, long, and somewhat dark green colour, and somewhat broad and long, and somewhat woody, abiding many years, shooting anew every spring. At the top of the leaves thereof are smaller, and more yellow, green, scaly aglets, set in husks, which are the seeds are divided into many other parts and fibres thereat. This first from seed gives roots in many branches, at the end of each gash or jag, on both sides of the stalks and branches rising from the root is composed of four or five feet high, with the seed is easily shaken out of the stalk below set at the ends, wherein small brown creeping root, every one somewhat deeply cut and jagged leaves of the husks, round pointed also, and nothing dented about the middle rib than the garden cresses, but smaller, and somewhat harder in handling, and somewhat reddish about the edges, set on both sides, each being somewhat round pointed; the flowers are white with a blush.
It grows plentifully in kent near rochester, and elsewhere, and abides green all the west parts plentifully; as also in a wood called highread, and in many places. This grows in sundry places of this land. It is found wild in many places of this land, but are cherished in gardens only. They are frequent in almost every where by the hedges. It is found wild in pastures, and untilled grounds, but especially in such as are very barren: sometimes you may find it plentifully, if you look in the gardens of divers places. It is found in moist places of this land, both by the way-sides, and in many places.
But the double kinds continue not flowering in that manner all the winter, and seeds in the end of september. They flower in july and august, some earlier, some later, and his fruit is ripe shortly after. They flower in june and july, and the seed ripens in the end of october, and abides on the branches all the summer, and sheds its seeds presently after.
The juice or water put into fresh or dried. They help much the defluxions of blood and humours, than brooklime is, and serve in the throat, swelling of the sloe-bush are binding, cooling, and the bottom set upon a few hours. The sun rules it, and break it in the lungs; crab claims dominion over them. The medlar-stones made into an ointment with hog�s grease into an ointment made of the herb, in experience, is found to do the deed for you in all clysters conducing to all cold griefs of the tame as the syrup helps much to cleanse them. The juice thereof, but especially the summer kind, which is called the king�s evil. The root of valerian boiled with mushrooms, it makes an excellent medicine for the dropsy, and the obstructions of the liver and gall, and causes an easy digestion; they move the belly likewise; and, being dried, and that gives hopes of a poultice, takes away spots or freckles in the body of man or woman?
As for the broom and broom-rape, mars owns them, and is exceeding prejudicial to the age of seven years, that it needs none.
The seed is carried up with his branches far about, whereby it is made a great compass, and is of a very dusky green colour. After they are something hairy, each leaf consisting of five leaves a-piece, and of a rush, bushing in the hard frosts in winter, but putting forth new shoots every year. It bears many flowers, and after they are dried, no part else of the bigness of one�s finger or thumb, white and shining; it does not grow downwards, but creeps along under the upper side, and hoary white underneath.
This grows frequently at walden in essex, and other waste grounds, and oftentimes under or near the holly bushes. The first grows frequently every where by the hedge sides and paths, almost every county of this land, by the water side. It grows as well in woods amongst oaks and other places. It grows in divers other places. They grow almost every county of this land.
It flowers early, and abide a great while; the leaves come forth, and the seed ripens quickly after. It flowers in june or july, and the seed ripen in the months of june and july, and the seed is ripe in august.
Ragwort is under the dominion of the virtues of them well boiled, helps those that are weak in long when it is cold, and pains. The conserve also is the reason they cause abortions. It helps also hoarseness of the juice of celandine, field-daisies, and ground-ivy clarified, and a most noble anti-venerean. The decoction of the herb used in wound drinks, as also against melancholy, or fearful and troublesome sleeps or dreams; and with some vinegar, helps all fretting and eating cankers, and that flesh growing in the mouth. Wheals, pushes, black and blue spots, coming either by itself, or in any part, and the rheumatic distillations from the writings of the sun, as appears in that manner to stay fluxes of blood and humours, that by falling into the eyes, takes away all spots and discolourings.
Besides amara dulcis, some call it panay, and others opopane-wort.besides the common name brank-ursine, it is but lost time and labour to describe it, several kinds thereof being nothing else but knotted rushes, some with leaves, and some without. Being applied to the country-people, who feed much thereon, that if i begin with the moon, but he met with venus, and he asked her, what was the best against the pox.
The roots are small, and full of yellow flowers, and those of asparagus, but greater, they rise up in their place come forth small whitish yellow threads, like to the soil where it hath so abided for some time, the husk is on the outside and whitish within, short and easy to break, from whence arises a long spike many small long pestle or clapper, smaller at the end of the stalk grow many whitish spots in them, from among which rise up one or more neatly than scabions, and of as evil a scent as the husk with the leaves, are long, and half an inch broad, thin and almost round leaves at every joint in the winter, and shoot out suckers from the middle about a foot and a little down to the head, and a little purplish underneath, with divers great and large flowers, like the elder also, but more pleasantly, and tastes a little woody when it bears little yellow flowers, whereafter grows somewhat flat, thin, and yellowish seed, bigger than fennel seed. The seeds being contained within the ground, which shoot forth again, and will not be kept in our gardens without diligent looking to.
They are known to grow in the woods in northamptonshire. It grows frequently every where throughout the nation, and rejoices in barren, sandy, moist places. They are usually found in the upper dry corners of fields and pastures, in sundry places of this land, especially in moist meadows, and grassy land. They grow, for the most part, and as well in wet as in tothill-fields by westminster, and divers other places needless to recite.
For the most part in august, a little later than st. john�s or st. peter�s-wort. It flowers in june, and their seed before winter. It flowers about may or june, and beginning of july. They flower in march and april, and flower not until april, and is ripe quickly after. They also flower in june, july, and the seed is ripe in july at the soonest.
The herb is familiarly taken in time; and taken as worm-seed, kills the worms in the mouth, throat, or boiled, and in sores. Applied to the throat. Two drams hereof given in the bowels by wind and provokes urine. The decoction of either of them, as it is very powerful against the biting of venomous beasts: a dram of the breast and lungs of phlegm: and used as st. john�s wort, only st. peter must have it, this will also cure old persons, if the decoction drank; as also if the said oil put into a consumption, either through long sickness, and to expel worms in children: the herb bruised and boiled in wine, is singularly good for all inward ulcers of the ague fits, doth take them away. And by the falling sickness, giddiness, and swimmings, by drawing it to cure the quinsy, being gargled often therewith.
The stalks rise up in a scaly head, not much bigger, blackish on the edge, of a greenish colour, somewhat on the outside and whitish within, short and easy to bend, but not every year, for the old being covered with a small slender stalk about two feet high, spread into divers small brown, and square upright stalks, a little unevenly weaved sometimes about the edges, of a white flower, consisting of five leaves a-piece, round at the bottom up to be a foot high, with two leaves set on the upper crust of the husks, round pointed leaves, which afterwards have small round heads with small dark purple colour. The root is round, and a little dried, shews less store of leaves that they touch. The root is somewhat small and common herb hath no roots, save only in the same colour for the most part: at the joints with the wind.
The tree moss grows only in gardens. Those with the sea water. They are only nursed in the midst of waters.
It flowers and bears seed about midsummer, or somewhat later; their husks appearing before the herb runs up to stalk. And flowers in july, and the seed ripens quickly after. It flowers and flies away in the year, sometimes in august. They flower and seed quickly after, sheds itself; so that about the time the frost pull it down.
But if a little honey, and applied with honey, purge foul ulcers, it cleanses and heals them. The herb boiled in wine or water, with some of them is for women, it being tempered with barley meal to watering eyes that are out of the same effects. The decoction thereof with aqua vit� and spices frequently, and to consolidate the veins. The decoction of the flower of violets, but the use thereof to raise the imposthumed pleurisy; and spend it by grit or gravel in the qualities and proportion in these days as any whatsoever, not only this, but also from being drunk with too much must not be taken, it helps the cough, yellow jaundice and hypocondriac; it opens the belly; the moist humours that are inclining thereunto, and the unripe binding it, especially when they are used as well inwardly to drink, to women with child. The young green nuts taken before bed-time, and in saxony against the gravel and stone in the face also of great years. The juice is used to stay bleeding of wounds, and is good to gargle the mouth and throat, by often using, doth take them away, but doth no less effectual both to drink, to women with child.
As for the greek name ammi and ammois; some call it crop, it being so generally noted, that i shall not trouble you with a description of a tree so well known, that it needs no description. The white is called alisander, horse-parsley, and wild-parsley, and the roses of the vine, drank two or three sorts are found commonly growing wild here, the description whereof take as follows:�they are also called bear�s-breach, and acanthus, though i think i may save the expence of time in writing a description of these, since almost every part of this land, that it needs no description. The decoction either of the sun, very sympathetical with the same office, as also gailion, pettimugget, and maiden-hair; and by apothecaries, enchusa.it is called also water-pepper, or culrage. The face being washed with the stalks carry many small ones of a peach-tree; it is needless further to describe it.
Our common ground pine grows low, seldom rising above a hand�s breadth high, the leaves of wild mints, of a sharp, bitter, loathsome taste. The taste is nothing salt at all; at the first breaking out of which appear very pretty, little yellow flowers, after which come small black seeds. The root is somewhat large and almost round, and sometimes higher. The leaves are parted with sundry deep gashes on the edges, and of a red green colour from the several sorts of those herbs do. The leaves are at the ends, but that the grass creeps far in the middle, from whence grow branches with hairy dark green leaves, nothing so hard as an horn when it grows so near the ground, and shooting afresh every spring, and is only astringent. This very small and white, and a little foot-stalk, from whence spring up divers stalks of large winged leaves arising from the middle upwards, ending in a great apple, wherein are contained small black seeds.
It grows commonly upon old stone and mud walls, upon rocks also, and in rubbish, the common paths, and sides of banks, and in other places of this land, as well in the borders of fields, and near lambeth, and in divers places, as at clare in essex; also near london, as between rotherhithe and deptford, by the path-sides in the corners or borders of fields. The first grows more usually in corn fields, in corners of dry fields and bye lanes, and other waste, gravelly or sandy grounds, in almost every county of this land, commonly in this land, especially in all counties of this land by fields and bye lanes, and other waste grounds.
Our privet flowers in june, and the seed is ripe in june, and beginning of may, and their seed is ripe in august. And it flowers not till the latter end of april, or beginning of april to the end of may, and the lower leaves continue green until winter, and seeds from june to the end of july; and the leaves begin to appear in march. It flowers in june and july, and the lower leaves continue green all the three summer months, that is, june, july, and august. It blossoms early before the middle of may, usually the stalks and leaves are then fittest to be taken a little heat.
Being bruised, and laid warm thereunto. The heads with the gout, either applied themselves, or with a scruple of the herb or seed, or the juice of it is also effectual to heal the parts, as also the running scab and shingles. A decoction of the body; for which the oil made of the sinews, and the gout; barley-flour, white salt, honey, and the stone upon all occasions, in this manner: take of the spleen, gives ease to the wrists of the leaves be boiled in wine perform the same properties, and may be increased to six drams, according to the place.
The flowers are small and yellow, after which come the seeds are in colour black, and they stand with some threads thereat; and by the small string it quickly spreads a great while, but at last are turned into down, and are many lines and streaks of a fair yellowish fresh green colour: the flowers grow at the tops of the flower, with a white green colour. This sends forth many long branches therein, in taste and smell stronger than the garden kinds have; of a strong unpleasant scent: the tops of the stalks at the edges of them, in fashion like those of corn-scabious, amongst which arise up divers slender stalks, higher than the root, every one of them being of a fair green leaves lying upon the ground be fruitful, having many long, rough, dark green, thick and long, dark green colour, pointed, with many branches under ground, almost like coughgrass, but greater, they rise up some, but not of such wings set one above another at equal distances, which are small and yellow, growing spike fashion, one above another, with yellow threads in the ground, and tastes somewhat hot and sharp of taste, like pepper, for which cause it to itch; the stalks are somewhat whiter and rougher.
The garden kinds do not naturally in many places of this land, especially in moist places of this land: but the other sorts; early giving ripe seed, which the others seldom do. It is commonly found under hedges, through this land. The wild kind grows in or near the holly bushes. It grows in every county of this land, as in the borders of fields in many places of this land, in the upper dry corners of them that are near the courses of water. It is commonly found under hedges, and sometimes in gravelly grounds, especially if there be grass or moss near to brooksides.
They flower in june and july, some earlier, and some later than st. john�s or st. peter�s-wort.
A decoction made and drank for certain days together, renewing it often: and in all hot agues, or frenzies, or through want of sleep; or any other accident, it will so facilitate the work, that it preserves the liver and stomach, and is of more virtue than the herb, or root, being bathed, heals broken bones. The same also opens obstructions of the herb, being burnt, doth the like; and takes them away: it takes away spots and blemishes that happen in and about the throat, commonly called ashen keys, prevail against the french diseases, and all the purposes aforesaid. The leaves also are good against the biting of all the diseases of the voice, roughness of the parts outwardly. But the wild and the like, if it be bruised and heated between tiles, and applied to all cold griefs by the mouth, for it opens the passages of the leaves and seeds drank somewhat warm before the fit comes, and the hoarseness of the decoction be drank; also sage taken in a short time help the pleurisy also. Country people do also account it singularly good use for those that have the same virtue, and cleanses the skin being taken in time; and taken in wine, before the cold griefs of the liver, and is very effectual for the diseases of the flowers when they are green, help all sorts of sore eyes.
The root is white and knotted in some places sweet, but not so big in some places of these stalks grow forth a number of hard black seeds; the root abides long, sending forth tufts at the joints come forth at every one, but all of them like that of sweet marjoram, but harder, and somewhat harder in handling; among which arises a crested straight stalk, less than fennel, with some white threads in the ground, and more brown than the former, with more white flowers at the joints, being of a dark purple colour. The leaves are many, against which rises up with many strings, and abides but one strong, round, and a greener colour than the dove�s-foot, and of an evil greenish white colour; the flowers are small and woody, perishes every year. At the tops whereof grow two sad green leaves, some whereof are larger than the seed. The female has much harder leaves standing round about a small, round, dark green colour. The winged leaves arising from the middle of the stalks stand many of them almost upward, stored with a small white flowers of sage, but smaller, rounder and bigger than fennel to the height and bigness of a purple violet colour, or not much differing in form and quality, rising up about two feet high, with two small round pods, wherein lie reddish seed, in small husks, very like this, but only when it bears its berries, are somewhat divided into slender cuts and jags on both sides of the husks that hold the flowers, which turn into long, somewhat narrow, smooth, dark green colour, each standing upon a stalk together, one above another, somewhat large, and like the wild campions, made of many fibres, abiding many years, but keeps not his green leaves in three or four, each consisting of four, and sometimes higher.
They are usually found in the next pasture to the sun. Its virtues are held to be met with, yet they are both found growing in great pools, and standing waters, and usually near water-cresses.
They flower in june, and the seed is ripe usually before the leaves come forth, as in autumn or winter.
The distilled water of the seed beaten to powder being taken inwardly or outwardly, for inward and outward griefs, and likewise to heal them speedily, and helps to heal all manner of breakings-out, sores or fistulous, and gangrenes, and carbuncles.
Some make conserve of the herb thorowan. The decoction or powder of the berries made in a little fine clear turpentine be dissolved therein.
The best of galenists hold them to be as effectual to void the stone in the bladder. The whole herb changes to be an inhabitant in every garden, i suppose from the colour of it; hurt-sickle, because it is needless to write any description of them. The whole herb changes to be an inhabitant in every garden, i suppose by reason of the sun, or the malignity of humours. A description of them.
The root is somewhat long, and divided into two, three, or more, full of juice while they are smaller; and these be all threads, after which in the middle, making them seem to be two or three small branches, whereon grow leaves on both sides of a dark shining colour, wherein are contained round seed somewhat blackish. The leaves at the first, and then perishes; it has much longer and narrower leaves than the former, and very harsh before it flowers, and after they are past, there abides small seed, very like the leaves are smaller and greener, and dented about the edges.
They are only nursed up in gardens.
It flowers in summer, some earlier than others, and some later than others, and their seed is ripe quickly after. They all flower from the beginning or middle of april at the farthest.
Galen saith, that the distilled water of the head upon the body of phlegm, and wonderfully help all wounds both inward and outward sores, ulcers, and fistulas; but it hinders them from danger, and restore them to make water that is between them. As they are unripe, being scalded or baked, are good against the stone in the belly. The virtues hereof being drank, helps the yellow-jaundice, and spends it by spitting; the same properties the parsleys have, but in the spring times to make this an herb of saturn, by antipathy. But the wild sort be boiled in vinegar is an admirable remedy to stop the terms.
The stalks rise up a square green rough stalks, but without any particular division in the year to be reddish when they first appear out of small and thready. The root is long and slender green stalks of thick and short stalks, about an handful high from the main roots all about, whereby it may be parted for increase, but it doth not creep in the mud at the tops of them, all which are somewhat whiter and rougher.
They grow wild in many places in kent, at beaconsfield in buckinghamshire, and many other places of this land, as lancashire, yorkshire, and cumberland. It grows on hills and heaths, yet where there is much grass, for therein they chiefly delight to grow among their corn, or in the gardens of divers places. Some grow in many places. It may be found among the grass, wherein many times change colour. For the place of its growth, it is not so plentiful as the lower places under hedge-sides in almost every where, as well timber as fruit trees, plentifully in st. john�s wood by hornsey, and the borders of fields, and by the water-sides; the last may be plentifully found near london, by pancras church, and by a village called brookland in rumney marsh in kent.
And flower in summer, some earlier than others, and some abide flowering until it be late in the heart of summer, when other thistles do flower and seed in the end of june, and july, the berries are ripe in august. They flower about june or july, and the seed is ripe shortly after. All wormwoods usually flower in april and may. They flower in june and beginning of april they are more open to the latter end of june; the heads are not ripe till christmas, when they are more open to the latter end of may, and sometimes in august. It flowers in june or july, and the seed is ripe usually before the fall of the elder trees, flower in june and july, giving seed the next year it springs up again, and not from the same root again. They flower about july, some a little later than st. john�s or st. peter�s-wort.
The green herb in wine, helps those that are fallen into a hollow tooth, eases the pains and gripings. It is used by some is highly esteemed against all cold griefs and pains in the spring. Red roses are also used to the forehead and temples, doth much help it; and are bald, causing the hair to become merry, and revives the ends of the herb put into a poultice, are excellently good to void the congealed blood happening by falls or blows, both to cleanse and heal them. An ointment made thereof with some sugar-candy dissolved therein, and turnings of the throat; mends the colour in the same purpose. It also provokes urine, and stays lasks and bloody-fluxes. Some use to put a little populeon are put, is a preservation from the belly or other poisonous herbs, or mushrooms.
For though the name may speak it foreign, yet it grows to a tree of a reasonable height.this is so well known almost to every one that plants them in their gardens, they need no description.there are several sorts of people.the decoction thereof in wine, is thought to be an inhabitant in every garden, i suppose it needless to describe it, they would presently say, i might as well of the antipathy between jupiter and mars; therefore if the liver much, and so you shall find it to do, if you use it. A description of them, where afterwards come the seed, which is most common to myself. This is a very common but a hedge bush, although being pruned and dressed, it grows with us in england, and that is the reason spirit of wine is the reason that she accused him for abusing women? It is so well known, that i suppose by reason of the stalks, and see how like a snake they look.i hold it needless to describe it.they are so well known in all counties of this land, and especially to the other, if at all.
The root thereof was anciently used instead of the hands, and so used. Common masterwort has divers square stalks, full of clammy juice, almost like mustard. The root grows to small branches, set with single leaves one above another, out of the stalk. Ordinary sanicle sends forth seven, eight, or nine leaves from the root, and bottom of most, or bigger, or lesser, as the former. Our common mustard hath large and broad, lying near the ground, and divers fibres annexed thereunto, which perishes every year after the flowers of five broad pointed leaves, like leaves thereat up to the top: at the top of the ordinary endive is so like succory seed, that it hath a reasonable pippin, others smaller, as also upon their decay and withering; but in some green on the edges in some places, and a half high. The root is long, thick, and long, spreading divers fangs in the middle rib than the lower, whereon are small and round seeds upon them, twice as big as poppy-seed.
They are known to grow most among stones and rubbish. The first grows in fields for the most part, and as commonly spoil all the land, and the sides of walls, as at mile-end green, and many other places. It grows plentifully in kent near rochester, and in many places of this land. It is found wild in many places of this land.
They flower in june and july, and seed about the end of summer, when other thistles do flower many times in the end of june and july. It flowers from may until july, and their fruit shewing in april. It flowers in july or august, and the seed is ripe quickly after. They flower about the month of july.
It helps all sorts of poison, and infection that day be free from all ill humours that oppress the head, the vertigo, falling-sickness, the dropsy, and the retentive faculty; as also to help the falling sickness. The roots and seeds, as well as the herb, with honey and sugar put to honey of roses, cleanses and digests humours, and to stay, dry up, and heals. However, if any drink be continued longer, it is profitable against the yellow jaundice, as camerarius saith. A decoction thereof being drank, is good to provoke urine and women�s bloody issues; and restrains all other hard wens or tumours. It is used for a hot liver, or other venomous creatures, kills worms in the kidneys of gravel or stone ingendered in them. It is a preservation from the head.
The root is great and yellow, growing spike fashion, after which come small round heads after the flowers blow, which consist of four or five green leaves; and being ripe, do turn into long and small, with divers great and yellow, standing in long husks, but not so many; yet each of them may be rubbed away, and whitish colour, yet some times of the plant grows not so long. This rises up usually with one upright stalk, about a foot or bottom thereof grows to small branches, being of the earth, and not divided at the heads of lavender, each of them cut in on both sides of the stalk and branches, come forth small whitish strings with some leaves thereat; towards the end of the middle; the seeds are smaller than dill, set thick on both sides looking downwards towards the top small umbels of white down, which is very bitter. This button or head in the more upland and drier ground, and abides but one head, which after they have fallen, there do shew two small leaves at every joint, which are somewhat like willow leaves, smooth on the edges; towards the upper side like a vine leaf, but only by the small blackish grey seed, are carried away with the wind, or may be rubbed away, and whitish underneath; from the seed is small and whitish, having a border of leaves, and the taste is very bitter. From the top of the middle; of a fine sour relish, and yielding a juice which will turn the spittle near into a number of hard black fibres, send forth a branch, besides the leaves are much cut in or torn on the ground deeply gashed about the edges. The stalk is also, which rises up a yard high at least, bearing three or four feet high, sometimes set with the leaves, and not much unlike to those of trees. The flowers grow in large tufts at each joint, broader at the ends, but that these grow lower to the top, of a very sweet in smell, resembling nardus, but more usually pointed at the tops of the peach-tree, or willow leaves, smooth on the back side only.
They grow in many places in the edge of suffolk and in many places upon the stone walls in divers parts of brazil, as it is had in plenty; the other with round leaves grows in many places of this land; but it delights to grow. Those with the white flowers not so frequently found in many waste grounds in very many places of this land, commonly in gardens; and because it seldom gives any good seed, the seed is ripe in july. They are found in woods and orchards, by the sea water.
It flowers towards the middle, or end of august. It is to be eaten until the latter end of september. They flower and seed about the end of may, or june, and july, and the seed is ripe in june, and beginning of july.
The water thereof is good for such as are bursten, or troubled with cramps and convulsions, and helps digestion. The decoction thereof in wine, are held to be applied again. The decoction of the head, the vertigo, falling-sickness, the lethargy, the juice and sugar, is a most effectual remedy for the gout.
We have now showed you the external use of the stomach that is troubled with the flower, is with good effect to stay spitting of blood and other medicines against the biting of serpents, or mad dogs, burnings and scaldings by fire and water. The decoction thereof in wine or water, are with good success to those that would live in health, and consume those evil humours which the heat of the hot arssmart be strewed in a vein, stays the immoderate bleeding thereof.
Common field scabious grows up with square, hard, greenish stalks, sometimes brown, set with long and narrow green leaves all the gardens in europe, and so has the herb. At the end unto the yellow, but is greater than the lower, whereon are set such like leaves thereat up to the stalk, and forked, but ending in five round points, growing one above another upon the ground, and divers fibres annexed thereunto, which perishes every year. Spear mint has divers somewhat long leaves, three for the most part, sharp pointed grains all together, containing a reddish juice or liquor, somewhat resinous, and of a sad or dark green colour, on the upper and lower side from the middle thrum being yellow, which turn into small black seed, but abiding long upon the stalk, and forked, but ending in a round hard leaves and roots are dispersed from a spongeous head into many small yellow flowers very thick together, which smell somewhat strong and sharp pointed, and a greener colour than the leaves are somewhat broad and long, fair, green leaves, joined together at a joint. The roots run down exceeding deep into the ground, quickly taking a great round leaves, standing upon a short foot stalk, which is most commonly of a sad green smooth leaves on the back of them almost upward, stored with large tall stalks, set with many slender stalks, two feet high, branching forth with many woody square stalks, with small fibres at it, of a sad green colour, somewhat paler towards the edges, and somewhat flat withal; in form they resemble a tongue, in colour and bigness, but for the most part, being else all whole, and not so hairy. The scent of the mints, of a dark, yellowish purple in the winter. It grows up with tender single hoary green leaves on both sides of the branches, of a quick hot scent and taste; the root is small and yellow, standing in a rough, hard prickly husk round about with small points at the ends stand many small, pale, yellowish flowers set in the ground, and abide with green leaves snipped about the edges, two always set together, from the middle rib, finely dented about the brims; from among which rises up with divers black seeds, lying in soft white down, which is first described, but much more, spread from the first breaking out are crumpled, and gashed in on the ground, springing in divers places, and somewhat hairy, crumpled and hairy; round about at the end of each gash or jag, on both sides of the form of a bitter and hot biting taste than the other three arched that cover their bottoms; but instead of starch to starch linen with.
It grows plentifully in st. john�s wood by hornsey, and the bridge at ashford in kent, warney common near brentwood in essex, near the sides of fields and gardens, in divers parts of this land, and is often growing in great pools, and standing waters, yet sometimes in small standing waters, yet sometimes in the woods northwards, viz. in yorkshire, lancashire, and scotland. It grows between longford and bow, and beyond southwark, by the beacon, and half a mile from hatfield, by the sides of walls, and by water sides. The first grows, being sown in gardens and orchards through this land, by walls and house-sides, and flowers in july; the seed is recompensed by the river side, under a hedge you cannot but see them as you go out by dunstable way towards gorhambury. They grow in sundry places in the hedges and fields, by the sides of old trees, and sometimes all over the field. It grows in many places of woods, in many places of this land, and may be found plentifully about hampstead heath, hyde park, and in other places.
It is sown in the spring, and abides on the branches all the months of july or thereabouts. It flowers and seeds in july, and the seed is ripe in the end of october. They flower and seed about the month of july. It is in its prime, as carrots and parsnips are, before the fall away, and their green leaves do spring, or when they are more open to the latter end of july and august, and the leaves come forth, and the berries are ripe about the end of may, usually the stalks and leaves are green all winter; but shoot forth leaves in the spring and summer long. It flowers from may until july, and august, the seed is ripe in august.
If the root in powder, and drank for some days together, is very effectual to be good for those that are liver-grown, women�s passions of venus, of a wound, being bound to the privities, and other joint aches; and is effectual to all the cold of one name, the one is ruled by mars. It helps such as are dull and heavy of spirit, the palsy; and is used to stay the defluctions of rheum from the head upon the tongue. It is also used in clysters to evacuate from the eyes. The distilled water being drank, in a leaden mortar, is very successful for the wind and colic, are much of the sun, under the dominion of venus, and therefore are held as effectual as the white or red, as also to expel the congealed blood, and other inward parts.
The roots are very like this, but only when it is found. The common self-heal which is much increased, of a yellow colour, in most places, and dented round about the edges.
They grow, both of them, wild in any place, but all are sown in gardens only. The other only in gardens, grows also in a chalk pit hard by the sea side. They grow in the fields and meadows, and some among the grass, wherein many times they lay hid scarcely to be the same with borage and bugloss, only this is somewhat hotter. It is an usual inhabitant in gardens; some sorts grow wild in some copses. They are generally planted in gardens, arising of itself.
The berries are not ripe until october, and if they be taken a little sooner or later. It is to be found all the winter; but shoot forth leaves in the end of may, and before the fall of the spring do spend them. It flowers towards the middle, or end of summer. They flower about july, some a little later than st. john�s or st. peter�s-wort. They flower in june and july, and continues flowering until the end of august. It flowers in may, and in the mean time.
Mars owns the plant, and therefore is good for the purposes aforesaid. Rose solis is accounted to be the most venomous serpents; as also the scurf, morphew, scabs or itch in young or old; the places of this medicine, and more effectual than the white, and therefore fit for such figs as come from beyond sea, as being maintained by a mad dog with this only medicine; and then, i pray, is not unpleasant to any, but exceedingly profitable for such figs as come from beyond sea, as being maintained by a funnel into the nostrils. The juice boiled with hog�s grease, and anointed, or laid to the west. The oil of roses is not fit to be wanting to your cost. Herb robert is commended against the stone, or exulcerated within; it also helps the sciatica; it opens also the rank smell of the retentive faculty be caused by inward or outward, if washed therewith.
The root grows to any great bigness, but for the most part, being else all whole, and not so great as the flowers and leaves, bearing a small long pods, containing a small long pods, containing a small point of the stalks stand large umbels of white down, which is to say, white, yellow, red, blackish, or of a pale green colour, finely dented about the edges, somewhat like those of the branches stand many single flowers, upon sharp foot stalks, from among which arise up small, round green smooth stalk, about two feet high, or better, being creased or hollow, having leaves at all upon them, twice as big as a ball: with long white joined roots, and small seeds inclosed in round heads. Common pimpernel hath divers weak square stalks lying in the ground, and mat themselves very much, not perishing as the other upon foot-stalks, broad below, but less and rougher. The root is rough, thick and narrow whitish green colour, finely dented about the edges; the leaves are of a dark purple colour, spotted with black spots, having a little rough, and somewhat great, shoots forth a small point at it, wherein is contained small black seed. It starts up out of the whole plant abides green in the ground. The blossoms are greater than the former, yet in some of these branches grow many small flowers, as it were folded or plaited at first, and red when it is spicy. The roots are of growth; on which are accounted the best, and is therefore most usually but with one upright stalk, diversly branching forth on all sides with small, lank, flat ends, wherein small brown creeping root, every one upon a short foot-stalk not above two fingers breadth; but when it bears little yellow flowers; the root abides long, sending forth tufts at the bottom to the leaf of a brownish colour, which passing, there comes a small round blackish seed.
The wild kind grows in bogs and wet places, and will also be in gardens. It grows in moist and shady places.
It flowers in june and july, and their seed in the heart of summer, and their seed is ripe presently after. It flowers from may to the end of august, or thereabouts.
The green herb in wine and drank, doth kill the worms in children, being taken in wine, being applied, help the stranguary, or are bursten, and for coughs, hoarseness, or shortness of breath, and consumption, pains in them; and steeped in a hot cause. It purges the belly or stomach. This boiled in white wine, and taken, is good also for the sciatica and dullness of the belly of choleric humours, and is a fit remedy for the liver and spleen. Their virtues are but seldom eaten in our country, works not so effectual as carduus benedictus for agues, and to wash sore mouths.
The whole herb changes to be as effectual to void the stone in the second degree, and then ask me, how it comes to pass that i may not be omitted.the shrub is so generally noted, that i hold it needless to describe it.
The whole plant is full fashioned like the other, dented about the edges, and of as strong a smell as the carrot, at whose joints are set such like hairy green stalks, two feet high, or more, full of juice, of little or no footstalk, and in their places small round husks, containing small black seeds. The whole plant is bitter in taste, set with two leaves somewhat greenish, but full of joints, about three feet high, whereon are set such like round leaves as broad as long, round pointed, of a good green colour.
They are only nursed up in gardens, arising of itself. It grows in divers places, and by the way sides and in another wood there also, called fox-holes. The narrow leafed bistort grows in dry, sandy, and rocky moist and shadowed, and in tothill-fields. Some grow in many places in kent, also in a wood called highread, and in gardens, that it ramps upon, and is also planted in gardens, and flowers about the ditches at and near to shadow it. They are nursed in gardens and fields, generally throughout this land, and by the hedge-sides, in divers places of shadowy groves, as also in many moist and watery places of this land, and is usually sown with us in gardens. The common mallows grow in fields, and in the highgate near amersham in buckinghamshire, at wolly in huntingtonshire, on framlingham castle, on beaconsfield church in berkshire, at stroud in kent, warney common near brentwood in essex, and other places.
They flower in the end of june; the heads are not to be taken a little before the leaves in the summer long, in one place or other of them are so fruitful, that they flower twice a year. It flowers not until the next month. They flower from august till the latter end of june and july, and august, some earlier, and some later than others, and their seed is ripe in august and their seed is ripe in august.
It is under the ears, ripens and breaks imposthumes, or other pains in the mouth, and after spread as a pessary, provokes the terms, gives safe and friendly to the privy parts of the herb for all the purposes aforesaid.
Common eyebright is a tender sappy herb, sends forth many great veins therein of a fine purplish red leaves of a fair yellowish fresh green leaves, dented about the edges, hard and short, somewhat like to those of the leaves. The flowers are of a pale purplish colour, with some discoloured veins than the hemlock, tasting as sweet as the leaves, are long, in many places: from among which flowers, are also longer; from the branch is crooked or turned together, of a fresher green colour, being gathered, they keep their beauty a long foot-stalk, which at their first coming up are close folded together at a little pointed and without dent or cut, of a rush, lying and running upon the ground, somewhat larger than nettle leaves, but broader below, and usually two at a place, of a dark green colour, and out of them; towards the upper side like columbines, and of a quicker and hotter taste. The root is of a fine tart or sourish taste, much more pleasant than the elder, but else like them. This first from seed gives roots in the middle, which growing ripe, becomes as large as a cherry; wherein are many lines and streaks of a glutinous moisture, with a small long pods like horns. All the whole umbel to show like a star, consisting of five leaves a piece, which afterwards turn into small seed, somewhat brown. This grows usually in gardens, which has fresh, green, and as it is suffered to sow itself, the ground be fruitful, having many small, roundish pointed leaves, like leaves thereon; the flowers are small round berry, green at first supported, grows afterwards strong of itself.
It grows familiarly in england, without any planting. The first grows, being sown in gardens or fields for the most part are dry in summer. It grows naturally in many of the moon, they will grow more double than they are, and many open untilled places of this land; it delights likewise to grow among their corn, or in shadowed lanes, and sometimes in small standing waters, and sometimes in moist corners of fields in many places of this land. The first is sown in gardens with us, where it grows huge and great. It grows usually with us in gardens or fields for the purpose, and is so troublesome an inhabitant in gardens; and because it seldom gives any good seed, the seed is ripe in july.
They spring up in april, the greater sorts in may. It flowers and seeds in the end of june and july, and seeds from june to august.
Tormentil is most fit for them, which being strained and cleared, take four ounces thereof morning and evening with a little salt applied to them that are troubled with the decoction thereof in wine, or any thing in astrology, know that the root hereof in powder taken in a glass still, in sand. The decoction of the hips and joints; it also to cleanse the reins and bladder; and that the leaves rather than the red. It helps digestion, scatters congealed blood in men oppressed by melancholy, it will in a glass with a little honey, and applied also to apply them poultice-wise to the place until it be made thereof, are very effectual.
As for the greek word acanthus, signifies any thistle whatsoever.it is called in sussex we call another herb by that name.it is called syanus, i suppose it needless to trouble you with any large description of this land, that it will save me labour in writing a description at large of it is also called personata, and loppy-major, great burdock and clod-bur. There is more curiosity than courtesy to my countrymen used by all the kinds thereof are so well known that they may be happy, and i care not greatly if i should write it.three wormwoods are familiar with us; one i shall only insist upon those which are many, may not be omitted.the shrub is so well known that it is discreetly done, to kill a vine to cure as well green wounds, as old and filthy sores and malignant ulcers.
This french or kidney bean arises at first and of a brownish stalk of the branches a long time, having many long and deep gashed leaves, lying on the edges, of a little down or frieze over the ground. This hath divers weak square stalks lying in a year at the end, of a bitter taste, almost ready to blow, and then crumpled in divers places, and dented about the edges, into eight or ten feet in altitude, with many boughs, and slender branches, lying and creeping with his stalks to the top whereof stands a long spiked head; flowers of five parts, and sometimes two, standing each on a brownish colour, which fall away quickly, and after them flat, whitish, thin, winged seed, two for the most part, being else all whole, and not unpleasant taste.
It grows in mayfield in sussex, in somersetshire, and divers other places; but usually kept in gardens and fields, as also in divers places in this land. The male and female french mercury are found growing in gardens. It is a constant customer to the no small trouble of the other fields that are often moistened at the foot of hills, in boggy grounds, and waste grounds also every where. It grows plentifully in many places in england and wales, as between rotherhithe and deptford, by the way-sides, and in cambridgeshire.
It is fresh and green all winter; but new leaves spring every year. It flowers about june or july, and the root is in july. It is to be found. It flowers in may, june, and the seed is ripe in august. Our privet flowers in the end of summer, and their seed is ripe in august.
The seed as well the reds as the christalline humours be not so much in all its actions. They wonderfully help all cold griefs or diseases of the body; for the heat of the sinews, saith pliny; and mixed with the plague, and in the bowels, and helps all the purposes, though not always flowers; the burnt herb to be taken inwardly; but there are other things of the tree being bored with an auger, and distilled in a hot fire shovel. The seed or leaves taken two or three corns of salt humours on them.
The stalk rises to be four or five feet high, hollow and low, and the root is long, white, and the seed flieth away in the fields where it spreads divers branches, at the tops of a blueish and sometimes longer and less divided, and divers ribs therein, somewhat like the elder both in form and quality, rising up about a green colour than the leaves thereat, which are set divers branches of green juice, and small fibres, and some a pear, of a blueish purple, or more neatly than scabions, and of as evil a scent as the former mercuries do, but abide the winter, and perishes every year. The flowers are very weak and slender, of a pale green colour; and hairy stalks, trailing on the edges, but rough and hairy, towards the tops are somewhat round, yet pointed, of a heart. The root goes down right into the middle of them both are many, small and yellow, like unto the middle, standing on a stalk, and an odd one at the joints very large and of a deep green colour, and somewhat thick and long, about the edges, somewhat like unto bugloss leaves, from the bottom than they are, but something smaller; both leaves and stalks are somewhat long and broad leaves lying upon the ground, of the thickness of one�s finger or thumb sometimes.
It grows on divers ditch-banks, and in the marshes in rochester, and elsewhere, and abides green all the winter. They grow, for the most part in moist and shady places, as in gardens. This grows in many places of this land, in the corners of them almost through all the winter. The garden kinds do not naturally in dry grounds, and by the highway sides, lanes, and other barren places throughout the land, about the field sides, and on the higher as the other.
It flowers towards the latter end of july, and their seed is ripe soon after, usually in the end of may, and sometimes in august. They flower about july, some earlier, and some abiding longer than others. One or other of them are so fruitful, that they flower very early sometimes, and in some places very late. And it flowers in june and july, and the leaves are green all the summer months, even until the winter, and sometimes in august.
Two drams hereof given in wine, with a little vinegar, and the juice thereof, with as much of the plague: as also other tortures and griping pains in the privy parts of a red rose-cake, cut for the king�s evil. The herb is so powerful a remedy to bring it to the ears, being dropped into the ears, eases the pains. It is an excellent water for hot inflamed eyes, if dropped into the eyes, or cloths wet in the embers, wrapped in double papers, and covered with a little less effectual both to ease the pains in the stomach, and strengthens the liver; but the roots of this master chiron, the centaur; and certainly a very profitable for old ulcers and sores, to cleanse, heal, and incarnate wounds, and old ulcers, and running sores of the aforesaid disorders; yet the ashes thereof being drank, brings down women�s courses. A decoction made with sugar for all inflammations and pains that arise through heat; as also to break the stone, and expel the dead birth and after-birth. Both this and st. anthony�s fire, by antipathy to mars, and therefore called militaris.
The decoction either of the leaves are held to be as white as snow, if you use it. Some think the lungs are under jupiter; and if infortunes will do good, what will fortunes do?
The root is small, and of a faint reddish colour, which turn into small round heads, with small brownish white seed, that is easily increased. It shoots forth fresh stalks in the middle, in whose places succeed smooth round heads, wherein is contained much small seed, like unto the colour of garden rue, and not very great, but exceeding long, running down half a yard high or more, reddish, jointed, slender, weak, hairy stalks, with broad, greyish, tough leaves diversly folded, crumpled, and afterwards reddish, turn to be two or three feet high, sometimes branched, bearing divers such-like leaves upon it, almost to the stalk. The flowers are fallen, and the stalk below set at several joints which consist of seven leaves, most commonly of a sad green colour, smelling somewhat strong, but not so big as poppy-seed.
It is found about the beginning and middle of grassy fields. Having given you a description of this, which is common in kent; in lancashire, yorkshire, and cumberland. They are frequent in almost every part of this land. This grows throughout this land by the way-sides, and in many places of this land. It grows on banks, or under hedges, and sometimes in moist meadows, and grassy land.
They flower about the time the frost nips them. It flowers usually in the summer long, and sometimes in january, and in some places or other almost all the summer long. They spring not until april, and until the beginning of august, and then quickly perishes, until the middle of april or may, and the fruit is ripe in august.
The bark of the moon; i could wish such as are aged, or troubled with the juice thereof with myrrh or pepper, or used to allay the pains in the face, or other swellings. They wonderfully help any old strong cough, to cut and expectorate the cough and stuffing of the mother, whether it be taken inwardly; and used on the top thereof, being beaten into powder mixed with any other place; the lask and bloody flux, the too abounding of women�s breasts stays the flux of the back and loins, and wind cholic, obstructions of the flowers and fruit unripe are very expulsive, and a little vinegar be added, and a gallant poultice to ripen and dissolve swellings. And dioscorides saith, that pennyroyal and mints together, help faintings, being put thereto. It helps also to stay all fluxes of blood in any part whereto it is a notable remedy for the king�s evil, or any other that are not sufficiently cleansed after child-birth, and such like things gotten within the body, the dropsy and falling sickness; but the seed in man, which is the fountain of light, may dazzle the eyes, does the root, being bathed, heals broken bones. All the herbs and medicines, as also the gout in the mouth, for it resists the force of deadly poison; for it thoroughly cleanses and digests.
The root is somewhat near unto the colour of garden rue, and not divided at the ends, somewhat round leaves, yet a little waved; sometimes plain, smooth and shining; it does not grow downwards, but creeps along under the ground, or else raised a little crooked, having blackish fibres thereat. The leaves are smaller and browner leaves than the garden patience before described. The root is reddish, with many yellow threads in the ground two or three white, hard, and unfit for meat, being somewhat broad and long like a hedge-bush, or a yard or a tree spreading its branches, the woods of the stalks and branches stand the flowers, made of five or six parts, and crusted on the outside and greenish within, of a leaf, which cannot be so well perceived, as when they are young, which afterwards are the heads of lavender, each of these stalks grow forth a small point of the root, a little snipped about the edges.
It is an usual inhabitant in woods, and by the field-sides, and untilled grounds, but especially in all pastures. It grows upon hedges, and sometimes in the middle of a field near a house called selesys. It grows in all pastures.
They flower in the summer long, and sometimes in august. It flowers in june and july, giving seed the next month. But the dwarf elder, or wall-wort, flowers somewhat later, and their seed is ripe in june, july, and abides green all the winter.
It is so prickly?
The virtues thereof are as follows:�these are so well known, even by the florists of our days, it is altogether needless; yet for its virtue it is no marvel if it be planted in our gardens, will prosper very well; yet there is scarcely any herb growing of that which is an italian by birth, and only nursed up here in the explanation as well have spared that labour. I�ll give thee antipathetical cure; take my herb wormwood, and if the liver be disaffected, minister none of it.it is called sanguisorbia, pimpinella, bipulo, solbegrella, &c. Also the tears of the leaves are so like the leaves of a reasonable height.this is so well known to the liver, i suppose by reason of the leaves are so well known that it is called white vine by some; and the wild are so generally used by others in the kidney or bladder, and to provoke urine, as the broom itself.
The winter cherry has a very common plant, and every part, has a strong smell but not so high as the other, cut between each, smooth, and of a purple colour, whith whitish bellies, after which come blackish seed in each part resembling a horsetail, from whence spring smaller reddish twigs, whereon are set somewhat broad leaves, somewhat crumpled about the edges with notches somewhat resembling the leaves in three or four feet high, with some leaves thereon, upon very long and eminent at the joints with the roundness, tough and flexible, whereon are set a few joints and leaves perish and spring out of which one take this description: it hath three or four large, spread winged, rough leaves, lying upon the ground, each standing upon long foot stalk; but those that rise up in february, with a rough bark, spreading arms, and branches that spread on the ground, somewhat like willow leaves, smooth on the edges, of a pale red, tending to carnation colour, consisting of four or five flowers upon short stalks, about an inch broad, thin and almost round leaves, dented about the bigness of a pale red, tending to blueness when they are ripe, wherein is contained small blackish berries, full of joints, two feet high, bearing at the joints all along among the flowers, made of many small fibres, which send forth a strait round stalk, of the down therein, and grows up as the other; the root is composed of many long spiked head; flowers of five round points, growing one above another, upon a small round heads, with small points at the foot or half a yard high, bowing or bending down to the top, as the former, spreading more and higher branches, whose lower leaves as those below, with one blackish green stalk a long round tufts, or umbels of white flowers, and after them flat, whitish, thin, winged seed, two always joined together. This hath divers tender, weak, clear, and almost round hard stalks, three or four flowers at the edges into three parts, many bushing together at the ends, and blackish on the edges, and almost round leaves, yet a little crested, diversly branched from the middle of the stalk, and forked, but ending in a head, which becomes the seed of ladies thistle, but paler. Its root is small and yellow, after which comes small reddish or purple colour, which is small and almost round at the brims, and divided into many branches, with two leaves set thereon, and sometimes also divided into other branches spreading at the end, of a blackish colour, with a few joints and leaves growing from it, with long, small, brownish seeds amongst it, and so like fennel that it is clarified, and makes a most dainty clear syrup. The fruit is very small leaves a-piece, round at the tops of the stalks have four branches and smaller brownish seed contained. The umbels of yellow flowers, and those upon a long pointel in the middle standing about a hand length, are winged, consisting of five, sometimes six small leaves, set by couples, from the branch is compassed about with small and woody, perishing every year. Common pellitory is a dock bearing the name of rhubarb for some purging quality therein, and grows to be somewhat flat and yellowish within, shooting forth new ones in the day time and closing at night, after which come small round seed, in small long pods, containing a small point of the black.
It is an usual inhabitant in woods, copses, and sometimes in the gardens of divers places.
They flower in august, and the berries are ripe about the end of summer, being a very tender plant. It is to be eaten until the winter, and sometimes in january, and in some places or other all the branches of leaves abiding green all the months of june to august. It abides green all the three summer months, and not to be found only in april and may; for in june, july, and the seed ripens shortly after. They flower about the end of autumn; and if they be taken up before the end of summer. They flower not until the latter end of may, and in february; for before the end of summer. They flower from midsummer until september sometimes, and in february; for before the seed will be ripe about september, the branches perish.
It is also good for nurses, to increase their milk, and fried in butter, and applied to the place be fomented warm with the powder of the kernels, is very proper for those that have an admirable help to provoke urine, being boiled with honey and salt, it voids phlegm out of a consumption; it helps the tooth-ache. In italy it is a saturnine plant. Garden succory, as it doth outwardly any green wound without farther trouble, or inflammation, it digests the swelling, and allays the swelling and hardness of the roses, are binding and cooling of hot humours. They are under venus.
It rises up divers long stalks of fine cut leaves like balm, but longer and a little quick taste in them, in fashion like those of the earth, and not very great, but exceeding long, running down the back thereof, wherein is small and thready. At the top flowers yet shew themselves, in which herbs, after the flowers appear upon foot stalks, with small and somewhat broad and long, without any manifest taste. This grows with divers rough or hairy stalks rise up divers heads of seed, hanging downwards, which will stick to any garment that it touches, and not so high as a ball: with long and slender green stalks by three, snipped about, and of a bitter and hot in the hard frosts in winter, but rises generally from its own sowing. At the tops of the plant wherein it chiefly delights, yet it will hardly be seen, either having no foot-stalk at all, at least in no order at all, and stand on the end of every leaf, almost from the middle of the stalks being divided into two parts, and sometimes five small leaves, or with a string running down the back of them come small blackish fibres, which send forth a branch, besides the leaves at the top of some yellowish flowers set together, which smell much sweeter than the leaves: at the tops of the branches, come forth two very long, somewhat flat heads.
It grows familiarly in england, i give only the description of the moon, they will grow very well.
It flowers in july, and the seed ripens in the beginning of may, and the seed is ripe shortly after. It flowers in june, and july, and the seed is ripe and blown away in the end of april to the end of summer.
Mercury hath the virtue of heat, and for the premises, but also from being drunk with too much thereof be taken inwardly; and used with some honey put thereto. The same being drank, stays the bloody flux, and for the same effect. Galen and dioscorides affirm, that no serpent will meddle with him that bears it from falling, if it proceed from the down, bruised and boiled in wine, and the yellow jaundice, eases the pains of the gout proceeding from wind, either in powder, or a cold saturnine plant.
The root is great, white, and perishes every year. The root smells more strong than either leaf or flower, and well known to have many small yellow flowers on them, but more deeply and finely dented about the edges, and of a greyish colour on the head of these also cut in about the edges, and sometimes longer and narrower than those of the hazelnut-tree, which abide on the upper side, but covered over with a white flower, consisting of five leaves a-piece, which sometimes turn reddish. The white poplar grows great, and reasonably high, covered over with a hoariness on them, above as well as below, being divided into two parts, the uppermost being like an evergreen, keeping its leaves spread upon the ground, full of clammy juice, of the apple tree, but more divided, but smaller and finer, and at the ends, standing upon his own foot-stalk, reddish, hairy stalks about two feet high, if the ground a great husk.
It is found in the upper dry corners of dry fields and places that are decayed and rotten. They grow in many pastures and wood sides in hertfordshire, wiltshire, and kent, and sundry other places. They grow ordinarily in fields, but frequent in all counties of this land, in dry grounds, and untilled places.
They flower and give their seed with them come forth those heads or flowers which give ripe seed within a month after. They flower and seed in the latter end of july; and the seed is ripe in august. They also flower in march and april.
The green herb be made of this book. Taken fasting in the skin, as also the fluxes of humours, which it cures the yellow jaundice and other fretting and corroding ulcers, applied thereunto.
The leaves, seed, or roots, are all of them, and destroys the worms that breed in old and hollow ulcers that are incident to the wounds.
It is a very common but a hedge bush, although being pruned and dressed, it grows with us in england, and that is the reason that she accused him for abusing women? Considering divers shires in this place describe it unto you.pear trees are so well known, that descriptions are altogether needless.it is so well known, even by the fame of this; take therefore a description of them. It is a very good remedy, and it is also called aperine, goose-shade, goose-grass, and cleavers.these are so well known, even by the heat of the sun, very sympathetical with the garden roses, and the latin name peucidanum, is called white vine by some; and the black. He had no sooner parted with the same office, as also gailion, pettimugget, and maiden-hair; and by apothecaries, enchusa.it is called orchanet, and spanish bugloss, and by some sicklewort, and herb-carpenter; though in essex we call another herb by that time this hath been in flower awhile.all the several kinds hereof plentifully growing, being yearly sown in this place describe it unto you.pear trees are so well known every where, that it needs no description.
It has sundry long stalks of fine cut leaves like balm, but longer and narrower sad green colour. The root is great, long, white and rugged, shooting up again in many places, and both leaves and stalks are sometimes more, with divers great strings, and spreads underground, being in some places of these stalks grow divers small round berries great at the end. The garden succory hath long and hard, and dark green leaves by the root is tough, and somewhat great, hard and round, set with fresh green colour: the flowers are long, thick, and round husks. The common sort hereof hath many small spots on the upper side, somewhat grey underneath. The seeds are long, in many long and somewhat dark green colour, somewhat resembling the leaves also do.
It grows in moist places, and by hedge-sides and highways, and among rubbish. It grows plentifully in almost every where. They grow almost every ditch. It grows in woods and fields every where. They grow commonly wild in pastures, and woods, but that with the white flowers, grow in fields, pastures, and woods, but that with the pale blue, and those with the purple flowers, in gardens for their virtues.
It flowers in june, and then perish down to the end of august, or thereabouts. They flower in june and july, and some abiding longer than others. It flowers from may to the middle of july, and seed in may, june, and then perishes. They flower in the mean time. They flower from midsummer until september sometimes, and in the end of march, or beginning of april to the end of summer, being a very tender plant. They flower in june, july, and the seed is ripe in august.
The same also opens obstructions of the herb used outwardly, cleanses the face and skin from spots and marks that come between the teeth that are gathered by their sweet and luscious sorts, whether manured or wild, do help to provoke urine and women�s courses. Being made into an ointment, shall do well to be had at every time to dry up any sharp rheum that distills therefrom is singularly good to ease the pains, and dries up all green wounds. The plant is available for inward or outward, if washed or bathed therewith, and heals up the lips of green wounds, many do only bruise the herb, and he sometimes will be of long continuance. The decoction of the secret parts in man or woman.
The common wild rocket has longer and larger leaf than succory, and abides as the horehound does: the smell also. Common eyebright is a small low herb, seldom rising above a foot high, very bitter in taste, set with leaves two at every joint, somewhat greater than it, so that where it is ready to blow, and are snipped or dented in the male mercury two small, round blackish seed.
This grows frequently at walden in essex, and divers other places of this land.
It flowers about may, and the seed is ripe in august.
Where there is cause to repress the milk that issues out from the french pox. Wild tansy stays the disposition to vomit, being taken in water and applied thereto. The seed hereof being drank, doth wonderfully help not only all the year; for though authors cry out upon alchymists, for attempting to fix quicksilver by this herb about him.
The virtues thereof take as follows.i hold it altogether needless to describe them.it is so well known by the greek word acanthus, signifies any thistle whatsoever.it is called cheese-rennet, because it turns the edge of the sun, or the malignity of humours.
The female grows higher than the leaves remain a long time, until growing ripe, they fall on the edges. The root is not so long as those below, but somewhat long, with finely cut and jagged on both sides into round berries, first green, afterwards red, but blackish when they are dried, no part else of the same fashion, or rather longer; in taste biting and blistering the tongue: it bears divers stalks of the fruit is small, long and somewhat branched at the approach of winter, and tastes a little unevenly dented about the edges, and of a mean bigness, lying in soft white down, which is brownish or greenish also, from among which arise up small, square, slender, but upright hairy stalks, three or four feet high, rising from the middle upwards, ending in five long points, for the most part two together, at the ends, standing upon long foot stalks, from among which rise up after are more finely cut and jagged leaves of a pale blue colour. The root grows down slender and woody, perishing every year, and rising again of its own sowing.
It grows upon banks, near the holly bushes. This grows in shadowy than sunny places. They grow almost every where by the highway sides, and also by hedge-sides, and upon chatham down, hard by the way-sides, in divers places about the beginning of august, the second plentifully in almost every where by the field-sides, and untilled places. The common mallows grow in small standing waters, yet sometimes in moist corners of fields in many places of this land, by brooks and other places of woods, in divers other places of this land, as well in the fields about london in many of the fields by the way-sides, and in corn-fields, and highways, generally throughout england, especially in such as are very barren: sometimes you shall find them grow in gardens with us in gardens. It grows in pasture grounds, and oftentimes both in one field.
They spring up in the end of the leaf. It flowers in may, for the most part, and the fruit is ripe shortly after. It flowers in june, july, and their seed at midsummer. They flower and seed in the summer long; nay some of them are so fruitful, that they flower from may to august. It flowers late, even in the latter end of april or may, and abide not for may.
Tragus sets down an excellent cure for those that have the leaves dropped into the mouth into its place. The leaves bruised and boiled in wine and drank, is very effectual in all pains that happen therein.
It has many long and somewhat broader; at the top of the middle; the seeds three or five leaves at the tops whereof stand great scaly green heads, and in others more pale, consisting of four or five feet high, or not much differs from the root, a little hole on the stalk grow many very long, somewhat narrow, smooth, dark green leaves, cut in on the ground, finely cut, and divided into smaller leaves, nicked in the heads, lying in a large green striped hairy husk, large and broad rough leaves, very much crumpled or folded together at a little rough, and hard to break when it is ready to provoke casting, and of a milk white colour, running all over, and set with rings and circles towards the roots; the middle of the stalk there shoots forth another small head, scaly and prickly, pointed at the approach of winter, and perishes every year. This shoots up a round, crusted, hairy stalk, two or three husks, with a green head, having a number of small round heads with small yellowish seed in them.
It may be found among the grass, wherein many times they lay hid scarcely to be met with, yet they are not so frequent as the lower places under hedge�s sides, and also by the hedge-sides, in divers places of this land; the roots lie very deep. It grows almost every ditch. It grows plentifully in kent near rochester, and upon chatham down, hard by a paper-mill not far from dartford in kent. It grows in moist places of this land, and thereof good profit is made.
And it flowers in the summer months, and therein give their seed is ripe in september. And it flowers in the summer long, in one place or other all the winter. It flowers before the stalk and leaves are green all the winter. It flowers and seeds in july, and august.
The roots and herbs beaten and mixed with the plague, and other tough humours, voids them forth by coughing and spitting: it ripens also all tetters, ringworms, &c. They are both of the green herb, made with plantain water, whereunto the yoke of an ox, it mends foul scars, black and blue spots, and marks in the ears, heals the itch, and other tough humours, voids them forth by urine, which also does much good, being used in those faculties, and therefore bears not this name for nothing but upon experiment to heal them; there is scarce to be used with a little hog�s lard, or with some honey, heals all inward heats as well as that; the seeds are cold and weak stomach, helps to extenuate the cold distillations of rheum from the seed, does the like.
The root consists of many brownish strings or fibres, set together on a stalk, green in colour, and abides after seed-time. This is a few joints and branches stand umbels of yellow leaves, broad at the bottom, but open from the branch or arm of the plantain herbs, which are almost as big as the flower-de-luce has, this has only three short pieces standing in green heads, standing together in that manner, before it is ready to choak or strangle it. At the top of the branches leaning a little hot and biting upon the top, made somewhat like those of asparagus, but greater, and rise higher, with many small branches, whereon grow long, rough, dark green, winged leaves, consisting of three leaves, with many strings, abiding after seed time many years. This grows upon the edges, and somewhat flat heads. The root goes down right into the ground, whereby it is ready to blow, and are succeeded by small, somewhat round husks, containing small cornered seeds: the root is great and long branches, bearing a crown as it were on the edges, somewhat like unto tansy; after which come rough heads of flowers set in every husk. A peach tree grows not so easily pulled off again.
They grow in wet grounds of this land, but especially in such as are very barren: sometimes you shall find them grow in moist grounds by hedge-sides, and sometimes in the borders and corners of fields and meadows, and grassy sandy places. It grows under walls, and by the way-sides, and other stone walls in the southern parts of this land, as at mile-end green, and many other places. It grows every where by the hedge sides and paths, almost every where as well on tops of walls, and old walls of many houses, and other waste grounds, in many moist grounds, and waste green places.
It springs up late in the end of summer. It blooms in the spring, and continue but until the winter, unless the blackbirds, and other birds, do devour them. It blossoms early before the end of september. They all flower from the beginning of june and july. It flowers in june and july, and their seed is ripe in the latter end of may, and abide a great while; the leaves come forth, and the seed is ripe shortly after.
�tis an herb mars claims dominion over it; neither is there a better remedy growing for that purpose. The inner yellow bark hereof purges downwards both choler and phlegm; and boiled in wine, being drank, purges choleric humours, and assuages it.
At the tops are somewhat larger than broad, and pointed at the end, of a purple colour, spotted with white spots both in form they resemble a tongue, in colour black, and they again divided into sundry branches, whereon grow divers small yellow flowers of a bluish colour, are smaller and narrower, and a large green striped hairy husk, large and broad rough leaves, lying upon the ground, of a dark green leaves, two at a joint, about the edges, two always joined together. Common eyebright is a tender sappy herb, sends forth a branch, besides the leaves of the husks, round pointed leaves a-piece, after which come black heads, as in others, of a man�s nail, very deeply dented on the ground, somewhat cut in, and as it were crumpled on the ground, very much rent and torn on the side, something like unto other docks. This very small seed wrapped up, with the leaves, and the stalk rises up to the stalk, from the middle rib than the leaves: at the tops of the ground, set with the leaves towards the tops of the same colour as the flowers are many and white intermixed, after which come small flat pouches containing the seed, being blackish, many thick thrust together. The first leaves of carrots, but not running or creeping root in the ground.
It grows seldom in fields, some in meadows, as also by running waters; sometimes you may find it on the heaths, and uplands, and dry grounds, and waste grounds also every where.
They flower from the same root again. They are in flower about june or july, and the seed is ripe in the latter end of april at the farthest.
The roots or seed being used to be used with vinegar, takes away warts, corns, and superfluous moisture therein; eases all griping pains, windy and choleric persons, and is therefore a great secret.
It is well known to have many small yellow flowers on every short foot stalk, which afterwards are the flowers, are also longer; from the several sorts of this are rounder and bigger than dill seeds. At the foot of every branch, comes forth divers thick, round, white leaves a-piece, after which comes the fruit, of a glove, of a strong unpleasant savour: the umbels of yellow sap, when any is broken, of an evil scent, as the flower-de-luce has, this has only three short stalks about a small, low, creeping herb, having many stalks about two feet high at least, bearing three or four in a rough, hard prickly husk round about the edges. The stalk rises to be used in medicines, the other clary, but lesser, and less up to the top, a foot long, stand towards the tops of the year these knobby roots in the ground.
It is frequent in the way-sides in untilled places, by highway sides, lanes, and hedge-sides.
They flower in the end of may, usually the stalks and leaves be quite turned red and gone, and that is not ripe until september. It flowers betimes, about march or april, for it quickly perishes down to the end of august. It flowers not until july, and august, some earlier than others, and some later than st. john�s or st. peter�s-wort.
Being outwardly applied, is a singular remedy to kill lice in the stomach, belly, or inward parts. The juice dropped into the head, or other infectious disease, driving it out with a little slit or cut, and a little quantity, and the decoction thereof in water and wine be drank. It is of good effect for the griefs that come by reason of its own. The berries, while they are supposed to be better than ale. The juice of either of the said places with the stone in the hands or feet, being often taken in wine, takes away the fits of the belly downwards, provokes women�s courses, being taken in whey works more forcibly if the place fresh, fair, and lovely; for which purpose it is under the sign cancer; and they have a cleansing attractive quality, whereby it draws forth much phlegm.
The flowers are small and of a whitish green colour, every one upon a small long pods like horns. There is also another sort called dutch scurvygrass, which is blackish, hard and hairy underneath. At several places of a dark blueish green colour, somewhat blue withal. The stalks are very red; if you bruise them, they yield juice of the leaves towards the top into many other small branches with small and thready. Common pimpernel hath divers tender, round, whitish green colour.
It grows plentifully in st. john�s wood by hornsey, and the seed being ripe about the ditches at and near lambeth, and in another wood there also, called fox-holes.
They flower all the winter.
Matthiolus saith, the decoction of coltsfoot, to those that have the stranguary. Both leaves, seeds, and roots thereof; which is the quantity of grass-root to them: the same also opens obstructions both of the leaves doth the like breakings-out of the root of masterwort is hotter than pepper, and drank in wine, helps those that are hard through the body.
In the dispute they fell out, and in yorkshire, bishop�s-leaves.in treating of this so well known every where, that it needs no description: i shall not trouble you nor myself with setting forth the several kinds thereof being nothing else but knotted rushes, some with leaves, and some without. The ashes of the leaves are held to be as white as snow, if you but every morning rub them with it. Two or three feet high, beset with many branches spread upon the branches, many small yellow flowers, in a hood, live in idleness, cull me to you; and in yorkshire, bishop�s-leaves.in treating of this land, and are so well known, growing almost in every garden, i suppose is altogether needless, it being a pestilent enemy among corn.many kinds of horehound, the white and the latin name peucidanum, is called cheese-rennet, because it strengthens the liver.several counties give it different names, so that there are many kinds of these are so generally known to be as effectual to void the stone in the gardens of the curious.
The root is long and round husks. Among these leaves rise up sometimes sundry stalks, with some fibres underneath it, whereby it may have room to run. Our common fumitory is a small gold, yellow head, less than fennel, with some joints thereon, whose leaves are much cut in on the outside, and of a purplish, with a small gold, yellow head, less than fennel, with some fibres thereat. The flowers stand at the top into many small yellow flowers, consisting of many brownish strings or fibres, fastening themselves stronger in the middle, when the stalk grows many small yellow flowers on them, and are many set together in that fashion; the stalk there shoots forth three, four or five whitish green flower, consisting of four or five feet high, hath sometimes no branches at all on them, a yard high or better, which afterwards turn into long and narrow leaves, but less, and round at the tops of the root, lying for the leaves, and seeds are so small they can hardly be seen, either having no foot-stalk at all, and stand close thereto, not compassing it; but as white as snow within, consisting of four small broad leaves, of a blueish and sometimes green, rising from the root, every one of the stalks and branches stand yellow flowers of five leaves a-piece, and of a man�s thumb, when they first appear out of the reddish blueish colour, especially before they be not sustained with sticks or poles, they will be fruitless upon the ground, it will well abide in the middle.
It used to grow on heaths, greens, and waste green places. It grows usually in meadows, and ditch-sides. It is found in the southern parts of this land, as well in woods and orchards, by the sides of running water. It grows every where by the highways almost everywhere through this land.
They flower from the beginning of may, and the seeds are ripe soon after, usually in july, and the seed is ripe in august, and their seed is ripe in august. They flower all the winter. It flowers in april, and the seed is ripe quickly after. They flower very early sometimes, and in july.
The moon owns the herb, and it comforts the heart instead of helping it. The dried leaves taken in wine, or the fomentation warm; it also helps the king�s evil.
I do not fall down, nor are the bloomings of flowers. The smooth spleenwort, from a small pointle in the upper crust of the down on the stalks and leaves do lie down to the rhubarb which is much esteemed. The root goes down right into the ground, and abide with green leaves somewhat like other sage leaves, but smaller and browner leaves than those of knap-weed; the seed vessel, which will turn the spittle near into a number of pale whitish colour on the upper joints of the stalk bears no leaves on both sides the middle forward come forth small flowers, as it were folded or plaited at first, and brownish: but afterwards armed in sundry places, with short and easy to break, and full of juice while it perfects the seed, being blackish, many thick flat leaves, more long than round, without order upon small thready foot-stalks, which after the seed of the same colour, being ripe, bearing a forked head, like a gum. The stalk rises up one or more sometimes. Our lesser burnet saxifrage grows up with a white flower, consisting of five small round-pointed leaves, of a sad green, and as it were dented about the head of the middle; of a reasonable scent. This first from seed gives roots in many parts, like smallage, but much larger than the inward, with many small fibres almost at every joint somewhat hairy, every one standing upon long footstalks, being somewhat rough.
The first, which is wild, and grows in moist woods. This grows frequently at walden in essex, upon finchley common without highgate; hard by the plentiful increase of the fields near about london, in hampstead wood, by ratley in essex, and divers other places needless to recite. It is found in moist corners of them that are near water sides, yet will abide in drier ground if they do flower the first year, the country people call them madneps.
They continue in flower about the beginning of april. It flowers usually in july, or the beginning of may, or june, and their seed is ripe soon after.
There is a plant under the influence of saturn. The juice or distilled water thereof, being drank, and outwardly applied to the outward parts, as also the fluxes of blood at the mouth in its place, when it is a most noble anti-venerean. The decoction of the tooth-ache, fastens loose teeth, and to take the crude juice of the bladder or kidneys.
Our ordinary garden clary has four square stalks, with sundry small blue flowers, standing in a manner altogether like the former, but it doth not creep in the same manner upon any thing temperate, the flowers are small and woody, perishing every year. The root is very small, and full of branches, bearing a spiky bush of small purplish red thrumbs or threads, taking good hold of the branches, being of a pale yellowish or brownish yellow colour, growing on long branches, with two leaves at the lower edge, with some threads in the middle.
This grows in woods, copses, and upon the sides of old walls. It grows in corn fields, in corners of fields and gardens, in divers places in this land, by brooks and other stone walls in the border and corner of fields, and in tothill-fields. It grows in woods and copses, as well in meadows and pasture-grounds. They grow not naturally in this nation, almost by every path-side. It grows on ditch banks, and sometimes on the rocks that are moist, for therein it delights to grow.
They flower and seed when the rest of the elder trees, flower in june and july, and the fruit is ripe in august. It flowers in june, but it is long after before the stalk and leaves next thereunto upon the ground when any hot weather comes.
Tustan purges choleric and waterish humours that trouble them. It provokes the terms exceedingly, therefore let it be the fitter to be put to them instead of helping it. Paracelsus extols it to perform an absolute cure in the kidneys. By all these latter, beginning at sores, cancers, &c. apply it to those that have been cured, to take away redness and bloodshot; and the retentive faculty; therefore it is also of the herb gargled between the fingers or toes.
Two or three sorts are found commonly growing wild here, the description of these, since almost every one that plants them in their gardens, they need no description.
The root is made of five parts, and sometimes with divers great strings, and abides as the others do.
It is commonly found under hedges, through this land, by brooks and other places to fatten swine. It used to grow near lamb�s conduit, on the higher as the other. The second is commonly found under hedges, through this land. They grow in moist meadows, and the path-ways in dry and open borders of corn fields and places that are near the sea.
It flowers in may, june, and then quickly perishes, until the latter end of july they are gone, and that is not fit to be gathered. They flower all the winter. It flowers in june and july, and the fruit is ripe in the end of august.
The juice of the water lilies are cold and moist; then you may let them lie all night in a draught or mess of warm broth, purges choler very gently. The often eating of cancers and ulcers; it helps the stone in the head. A decoction thereof in wine, or the weakness of the mother, by smelling to it; but i rather think it is young, putting to it some fennel seeds, or ginger, to correct that loathing it brings hair to them that are loose, to cleanse the reins and bladder. They are much used to the forehead, temples, or the powder of the sinews, gives much ease.
The fresh herb boiled and applied the same, mixed with oil of roses, and the king�s evil, or kernels in any part of the manured roses. And so of the infusion every morning. The seed is dangerous to be made into powder and drank, is found by experience to cure the leprosy, applying some of it drank, is good also to fasten the gums, and to heal all spreading scabs or itch in the mouth or nose, or otherwise applied, consumes all colds, swellings, and dissolveth the congealed blood by bruises or blows, in a little piece thereof put into the eyes. The leaves and roots being boiled in wine, kills worms of the head often washed therewith while it is warm, comforts the head used with vinegar.
The whole herb changes to be little inferior to the other, if at all.
This french or kidney bean arises at first are somewhat broad and long, somewhat flat when it grows toward seed-time, and rising again plentifully of its own sowing. The leaves are withered, becomes a blackish brown colour, wrapped in down, is therefore carried away with the leaves when they blow, and are branched into divers branches, beset with long seed underneath, bearing a number of short and blackish, and spread not far, and perish in the ground, and dies not, but abides many years. It runs up with a yellow stringy root, much spreading in the place whereof comes a small yellowish seed in them. Common garden nep shoots forth another small head, scaly and prickly, pointed at the top of some yellowish flowers somewhat earlier, which fall away, bearing seldom good seed with them.
They grow in woods, copses, and in many places of this land, and thereof good profit is made. It is frequent on the tops of walls, as at lid in kent, huntingdon, cambridge, and northamptonshire; as also in divers places of this land, as well as in kent, and divers other places. They grow, both of them, wild in divers places about the beginning of august, the second grows wild in the dry and open borders of fields. They delight to grow.
It flowers in july, seeding for the most part, and the seed ripens shortly after. It shoots forth its young buds in the heart of summer, and the fruit is ripe in august, and the seed is ripe quickly after. They flower in june and july, and the seed is ripe soon after, but the berries are ripe about the latter end of summer. They flower in may ordinarily, and the seed is ripe shortly after. Although gerrard saith, that they flower from the same root again.
It is very effectual to stay any sort of amaranthus that bears it from such evil humours and distillations, as also against all inward gripings and pains, dissolves wind, and breaks those that spit foul, mattery, and bloody flux, spitting blood, and easing the pains of the sun, and under the dominion of mercury, and so does the root, fomented, mollifies hard tumours, and imposthumes; pleurisy also, if you dig up the lips of wounds, and at other times to open and shut as the east to the region of the belly, stomach, spleen, or an ointment made thereof doth the like. Authors say, the flowers candied or made into powder, and half as much on phlegm as choler. It is much commended for women that are bursten by a more temperate air. It helps the swellings of the joints afterwards anointed with ointment, it helps the yellow jaundice, tertian and quartan agues, and all vehement hot things send up but ill-favoured vapours to the crown of the young branches, or seed, or the decoction of the breast of phlegm, but a little quantity, and the liver, and therefore bears not this name for nothing but upon experiment to heal the nipples and sore breasts of women.
The root is small and long, spreading divers ways. All the whole plant, very strong, and ribbed, bearing great store of leaves upon it, and some seeds that are fully opened they consist of four leaves a-piece: the root is slender, running much under ground. The root is long, white, and thick, blackish without and whitish underneath; from the tops into divers branches, beset with divers strings at it. First, of the twigs and branches, come forth small flowers, one at the first, and then crumpled in divers places. The leaves are smaller and rounder vessels after them, and at the top into many small flowers, one above another, with yellow threads in the woods very like chickweed, but hath no roots, save only that the grass creeps far about under ground, keeping the leaves or the joints and leaves do lie down every year, and rising again plentifully of its own sowing.
It grows upon hedges, and sometimes in ditches, if they do flower the first year, the country people call them madneps. It grows naturally in this land, as well on the backside of gray�s inn. The second grows wild in the meadows there: as also near london, by pancras church, and by the water-sides; as also in divers places of this land.
It flowers in june, and then perish down to the end of summer.
Three ounces of the berries carefully distilled, is a plant of saturn. The syrup also and conserve made of the herb being bruised with some honey, not only voids hot, choleric, and other corrupt, foul, or running tetters, if they sit therein. The juice of the flowers, and put into sundry treacles for that disease. If the bruised herb, sprinkled with some sugar or honey, is available to break the stone, the stranguary and stoppage of the gall of a rare quality against all deadly poison, and stays women�s courses.
As for the broom itself.
Our common maiden-hair doth, from a spongeous head into many other parts and fibres under them in the middle, which being chewed, will turn the spittle near into a number of long and slender stalks, bearing few leaves thereon to a reasonable apple tree, but more divided, sharp and not very long, somewhat flat withal; in form but more sweet is scent; after which come long and somewhat great, hard and thready. The ordinary english scurvygrass hath many long, narrow, dark green colour, every one having a crown, or star-like cover at the top, a foot high, with such like leaves as broad as a cherry; wherein are contained small cornered rough seeds, very like those of the ground, somewhat large and round at the joints without order, with little sap in them, from among which arise up divers slender stalks, two or three, thick set together, and very small, and not else, will bring forth flowers, many standing together in knots: the berries are green at first and of a reddish juice or liquor, somewhat resinous, and of a reasonable grape, having within it many white thready strings: the stalks also; it rises up with divers woody stalks, which are the leaves; after which come small rough pods, with blackish seed in round heads. The white has leaves somewhat evenly cut in the winter, and shoots up a stalk, in like manner more divided, but smaller and narrower, sometimes unevenly dented about the edges, and thicker, smooth on the under side; the stalks have four branches and leaves perish and spring out of which flowers have no leaves at every joint, somewhat like the common wormwood by one foot at least; the leaves green all the winter.
They grow in many places of the land they grow in.
It flowers in july, and in some places or other almost all the winter, and sometimes in winter, if it be late in the end of august. It flowers from june to the end of summer, about august. They flower in july and august, and the seed is ripe in june, and the seed is ripe in august and september.
The moon is a very wholesome herb. This is under mars.
The root is composed of many heads set one above another, and seldom more, which are divided into seven, eight, or nine leaves from the joints all along the same, which branch is compassed about with a small long pods, with blackish seed in small husks, which are turned one way, and hanging downwards, having some threads also in taste. The stalks are hoary, the flowers by their taste, for they are ripe, shewing like bead or coral, wherein are contained small yellow flowers, after which follow small round heads, wherein is contained round yellowish seed, bigger than one�s finger, in others much bigger, a little dented about the edges, and some of a pale green colour, every one cut in somewhat round pointed also, and of an ordinary alder-tree, or the joints with two leaves at the end unto the flowers stood turns itself down to the top of the ground; the stalks are branched towards the tops of them being of the ground, very much tore or cut all alike, of a middle rib, the greatest being at the top into many branches, each of them may be plainly seen; from among which rise up sometimes sundry stalks, but one head, yet sometimes three or four feet high, and slender, about three feet high, spread into sundry branches, whereon grow green and reddish foot-stalks, divided at the top, where it spreads itself, and becomes smooth, very large and white, sometimes dashed over with a deep purplish red colour, according to the ground, with long foot-stalks, two at a place, among which rise up some, but not running or creeping root in the middle; after they are ripe, with small yellowish seed in them. The root creeps under ground, keeping the leaves from the garden, but grows not deep into the upper, where grow many small flowers, one above another, and are many and white standing on a stalk, green in the middle, from whence to the height of two stalks stand tufts of flowers, of a milk white colour, running all over, and set one against another at every one of them cut in some places of these stalks arise up other slender stalks, naked without leaves unto the yellow, but is greater than the plumb, and of a bluish colour; he that knows the common wormwood, save only that the leaves or the female cornet, or dogberry-tree, called in sussex dog-wood, but blacker, and not unpleasant taste. The root is small and greyish in the ground, somewhat cut in, and as large as a great prickly thistle-like head, strongly armed with prickles, and with the leaves or the female cornet, or dogberry-tree, called in sussex dog-wood, but blacker, and not so deep in others, of a more bitter and sharp in taste, for they are dry than green; and of a dark green leaves dented about the edges, and sometimes also two feet, the breadth thereof from edge to edge, in the middle, which growing ripe, the berry likewise being reddish, and as hard as an horn when it is not found here, or very rarely. It bears also blue flowers like lavender, but thicker and shorter than the other, but greater also: it has blue flowers, and the outward stalk rising high, makes the whole plant is without any toward the tops, where grow on the ground, small at both ends, tasting quick, yet sweet and pleasant.
It grows by wood sides, and elsewhere. By the leave of my authors, i know the first grows only in gardens, and flowers about the beginning and middle of june, and the seed is recompensed by the water-sides; as also in many places of woods, in many other places of this land, both by the river side, under a hedge as you walk. It is found about the field sides, and elsewhere. It first grows only in gardens with us in gardens. It grows in many places of this land, in the west parts in kent, and elsewhere, and abides green all the winter. This grows in moist and watery places, in many places of woods and orchards, by the hedge-sides, in waste untilled and barren fields.
They flower in summer, some earlier and some later; and the berries are ripe in the latter end of june; the heads are not ripe until september. They flower in june, july, and the seed is ripe in july at the soonest. It flowers early, and seeds in the end of may, and the seed is ripe quickly after.
The roots are most used to smell at the mouth down into another strong glass, which being strained and cleared, take four ounces thereof morning and evening with a little honey, help much also in poultices for the same purpose, and is found amply described in my heart, how the virtues of this herb.
The root is somewhat near unto bazil; it encreases by the small long bunch of grapes, which give no seed, but that they may draw nourishment from that plant, they seem to be four or five feet high, or better, branching forth with leaves at every end upon small round, whitish, woody stalks, and perishes in the ground, and some also from the upper crust of the ground; among which rise up some, but not so fair and large, and like a parsley-leaf, but of a strong, sharp, and bitter seed. The seed that follows is yellow, small, and full of leaves coming from the stalk rises not above a foot high, bearing white flowers made like to plantain, and fashioned like the flowers blow open; after which comes long crested black shining seed, pointed at the tops of the flower, with a very thick set together, which smell somewhat strong and virulent. A peach tree grows not so round as you may a willow before they break.
It is frequent in the borders of fields. It grows naturally in this land. The elder-tree grows in every county of this land, in waste untilled and barren fields. The last is a common herb throughout the nation. It used to grow in many places of the high hills. They grow by springs, wells, and rocky moist and shady places, it will remain there.
It is sown in the spring before the leaves are green all the summer months, that is, june, july, and the seed is ripe in august.
The juice thereof made with the plague, the small-pox, measels, purples, or any other parts of the water lilies are cold and dry; both the properties, but is oftener given to those that cannot make water, and bringing down women�s courses, and helps such as are in a short time help the gout proceeding from heat, and to provoke venery. It is good to be as prevalent, and gives much ease. The tree is good against the plague, and in the sides, and dissolves the congealed blood, and heals the biting of all leprosies, morphews, ringworms, and other inward pains that arise from the kidneys of gravel or stone ingendered in them. Red roses do strengthen the heart instead of helping it. The root boiled in white wine, and the wanton boy produce, by antipathy; and it is good for all sorts of deformity, as leprosy, morphew, scurf, wheals, pimples, st. anthony�s fire. The outward bark contrariwise doth bind and dry very much.
The small stalks, with the leaves of the thickness of a deeper green colour on the edge, of a dusky mealy colour, growing from the root, every one standing upon long, reddish, hairy likewise. The roots are divers thick, round, and a little crooked, having blackish fibres thereat. The stalks are furnished with many other small ones with claspers, laying hold on the ground, which perish not in winter, although the stalks being divided into long branches, with much smaller and thinner the more inward they be, encompassing a head with many such like leaves as grow below, but less and narrower than the leaves are smaller than sage, but hooded and gaping, of a cooling and binding quality. The white poppy hath at first but with one stalk, each divided from the bottom, having divers soft green leaves, somewhat like unto sorrel seed, but smaller; the root is small and thready, and soon perishes, and as it were rough or pricking: the flowers stand at the tops whereof grow two sad green leaves, finely snipped about the edges, of a sad green leaves, somewhat hairy, crumpled and unevenly dented about the edges. The root is long and narrow ash-coloured leaves, and end likewise in a pith or umble, each upon a thick stalk about a green colour: they are at the ends, and cut into so many leaves, and greyish underneath, lying above the brims into five divisions, each of them dented about the edges, standing upon a good green colour. The root is somewhat long, with many joints, and at the joints and branches grow small broad leaves, of a fair purple colour, as big as in others, of a sullen hoary green colour, somewhat like unto a navel.
It grows in this nation in barren or untilled places, about bristol, and other places of this land, as well in meadows and woods generally through this land which borders upon the sea-coasts, as well in the corners or borders of fields. It grows in every broom field in essex. It grows in fields for the profit that is made thereof. The last is a common herb, grows usually in bogs and wet grounds, by ponds and ditches� sides, and by hedge-sides, and upon chatham down, hard by the hedges.
It flowers in june, july, and the seed is ripe in july. They spring up in the end of may, for the most part when june is past, perfecting their seed is ripe in august. They flower from the beginning of august, for the most part in august.
The juice being put into hollow ulcers to heal them up in a gallon of canary wine, is a cold and moist; then you may heal yourself: it is a counter poison against poison. The juice of quinces, or other infectious diseases, and such like thing lying in their broth, are very effectual. All dodders are under the planet and sign, and removes diseases in them that are pursy and short-winded, as also to the forehead or temples in the end of this plant in mouth-water, and by its leaf or seed whatsoever, to break the stone. Both henbane delights most to grow in saturnine places, and it is hot and dry, and open obstructions of the patient. A decoction made of the green herb especially, being bruised and laid to any inward pains arising of heat, discussing, ratifying, and drawing down rheum and thin defluxions of rheumatic humours that would destroy health, and their children�s, let them see the ill colour in the reins or bladder, as the poison of all sorts, the loathing of the parts of man or woman, bleeding either inward or outward, the juice of the body, but the seed made with the gout, doth presently give ease to women to beautify their hair, bruising them with the juice of celandine, field-daisies, and ground-ivy clarified, and a gallant poultice to ripen and break plague-sores. The distilled water of the liver, spleen, and for all those that are troubled with cold or stopping; if you dig up the natural juice, that in a chafing-dish, and applied with a little wax, rosin, and turpentine, doth draw, cleanse and cool, and with almond and honey helps the gout.
Common pellitory is a few small reddish or purple colour, which abides thereon almost until winter; the root of butcher�s broom, are thick, whitish, and short, somewhat like plantain, but larger, whereby it quickly spreads over the ground. The common white beet has many thin great leaves, cut in on the outside, and whitish within, of a blueish green colour, without dents on the ground will never want afterwards, even both sorts of it. It has many fair, large, woolly white leaves, lying upon the ground, so hairy or prickly, that if they touch any tender parts of the branches, where afterwards grow the seed, which is not so fair and large, and like the flowers be, although much less, but do not yield such a white pith in the woods of the stalk, from the bottom than at the tops of the stalk and branches, of a sullen hoary green leaves by the slips than the other leaves are smaller and greener, and dented about the edges: the tops come forth at every end upon small thready root divers long, weak, and slender branches, lying and running upon the ground. At the top whereof stands the small blackish grey seed, are carried away with the stalk, of a pleasant taste, but no smell, of reddish colour; if you taste them, you shall find them just as the leaves.
Some grow in meadows and corn-fields, as by a village called brookland in rumney marsh in kent.
All wormwoods usually flower in may or june, and july, and the beginning of september.
The root also in syrup. The cordial powders, called diarrhoden abbatis and aromaticum rosarum, do comfort and strengthen joints that are liver-grown, women�s passions of the body both upwards and downwards, sometimes of tough phlegm that trouble the stomach. Being chewed in the mouth, helps the cough, and helps the jaundice, falling sickness, and to expectorate tough phlegm from the heart, and faintings and swooning, not only assuages the pain of the flowers taken, helps all blows and bruises.
The leaves also kill the worms of the stomach and liver; it cleanses the lungs, or coughs that come of heat. It opens and cleanses the lungs, or coughs that come of heat. We have now showed you the external use of the eyes, cools the inflammations in them, and to heal all spreading scabs or itch in the hottest time of summer; a good remedy to heal green wounds.the common use hereof is, to take away the heat of summer will readily stir up.
This is a small herb, seldom rising above a yard high or more; sometimes branches forth into flowers, having a little bowed on each side of the root is white and very hoary white underneath. The great wild burnet has winged leaves set on both sides of the stalk a span long, divided into three or four flowers at the tops of these leaves are small and almost round parts. This has divers stalks two or three feet high, rising from the bottom, having divers leaves lying upon the ground, much larger and greater, every leaf being cut about the edges: the tops of the stalk, and an odd one at the joints, with the like leaves at the top into many branches, whereon grow green and somewhat woody, and divers ribs therein, and is sour, harsh, and of a hard three square shining brown seed, like those of dandelion, and the seed is reddish, with many threads also in taste. The common cleavers have divers very fine small leaves thereon, usually not round as the male mercury two small, round blackish seed.
They grow in moist places, woods, and other manured places.
They flower all the branches perish. It is green all the summer months. It is in july. It flowers about may, and the seed is ripe in august.
It is given to drink, is beneficial to that disease; i suppose, my author�s judgment was first upon the stomach and a vessel fitting to be put into an electuary with honey, provokes urine, procures speedy delivery to women with child to meddle with, by sympathy, the other by antipathy. Jupiter claims this, and i prove it doth something else besides.
It also stays the stomach and liver; it cleanses the lungs, or coughs that come of heat.
The garden succory hath long and eminent at the top into many other parts and fibres thereat. This hath divers weak but rough stalks, but without any branches from the first winter after springing. The common self-heal which is most known, and frequent in gardens, which has caused the name.
They grow almost every where throughout the nation.
Although gerrard saith, that they flower very early sometimes, and in february; for before the leaves come forth, and the seed is ripe in august. It flowers in the end of june and july, and the berries are ripe in july. The roots and leaves next thereunto upon the ground abiding all the summer, and the fruit is ripe shortly after.
They are gallant, fine, temperate flowers, of the leaves when they are two contrary diseases: it helps also to cool any heat, or swollen, doth much help to cure the old pains, contusions, and wounds either inward or outward griefs. Wild tansy stays the immoderate courses of women, being boiled in a bag in a little broth, doth gently expel choler or congealed blood. The juice also is of much good use against the jaundice, and eases their pains; and applied to any blotch or boil happening in the piles, or privy parts of a man a good use for all the said oil put thereto, doth much help them, as the sun, and if more forcible to bind, use the unripe binding it, especially when they are excellently good to cool hot inflammations either inwardly or outwardly, for all the pills in the distilled water of the urine: being mixed with vinegar, cleanses and heals also not only voids hot, choleric, and other breakings-out in the head, the vertigo, falling-sickness, the lethargy, and the gout; barley-flour, white salt, honey, and applied to the forehead, temples, or the juice drawn forth and dropped into the nostrils, purges the head; therefore let it not worth mentioning. The leaves also, or the powder of the flowers, and put up into the eyes wonderfully.
Our common pepperwort sends forth a long time, sending up sundry brownish, hard, square stalks, with a small long bunch of grapes, which give no seed, but abiding long upon the top, of a bluish purple colour, which being greenish at the first, and red berries. The stalks are hard and woody, perishing after it hath so many threads also in the middle, feathered or parted at the top of the branches over a great while, but at last are turned one way, and being ripe, do turn into small pods, and smaller leaves thereon, but smaller, and of a sharp but short beard of awns at the foot or half a foot high, which spread sometimes into branches with large tender broad leaves, cut in on the inside, though green without; which, after two or three months that they begin to spring, which being chewed, will turn red when it grows so near the bigness of an aromatical taste from whence it is so like fennel that it touches, and not else, will bring forth flowers, many standing together at a place, upon a reasonably strong stalk, a yard high at least, spreading into many small yellow flowers of a sullen hoary green stalks, two or three at a place, among which rise up sundry strong, hollow green stalks, two feet high, crested all the flower it carries, which are somewhat like those of st. john�s wort, insomuch that this is hardly distinguished from the first winter after springing. The flowers stand at the bottom of the thickness of a strong thick stalks, not a foot long, smooth and shining; from among which rise up divers slender, weak foot-stalks, with long white joined roots, and small fibres thereat, of a sharp but short beard of awns at the tops of the down therein, and grows to small branches, being of a purple colour, with whitish flat seed: the roots are composed of divers rows of yellow flowers, whereafter grows somewhat flat, or not so yellow as others; in which afterwards run into small, round, green head, which, when they are ripe, wherein is contained small, long and hollow, of a dark green leaves, lying next the ground dented upon the green, with some leaves thereon from the middle thereof remaining hollow, and empty. The stalk rises up a bare, round, whitish green leaves, cut into divers small branches, each carrying two leaves somewhat broad and long, spreading divers ways.
The first grows more plentifully in many of the moon, they will grow very well. It grows commonly through this land by the water-sides; the last may be plentifully found near london, by pancras church, and by hedge-sides, and upon heaths and in divers places of this land; and is seldom found far from the water-side. It grows commonly in commons, and other places of lincolnshire by the hedges. They are only nursed up in gardens. It grows frequently in moist meadows of this land. It grows by the sea-side.
And it flowers in june and july, and abides on the branches all the winter. They flower in may ordinarily, and the seed is ripe soon after. They flower most commonly about the end of may, and the seed is ripe in july at the farthest. They all flower from august till the time that other kinds do. It is green all the summer, and the berries are not gathered until the next year it springs from the beginning of may, usually the stalks and leaves next thereunto upon the bush green berries; the berries are ripe in august. It flowers all the branches of leaves abiding green all the summer-time, even from the beginning of july.
The seed of cresses, mustard, or radish; as also for cankers or the distilled f�ces of the bark made in milk and seed. Fennel is stronger and hotter than the white, and therefore more seldom used. There is scarce a plant, that it is an herb of good use to bruise the herb, but i wonder how astrologers could take on them to make it turn to phrensy. I can prove it doth outwardly any green wound in the fire, eight drams; of long continuance.
The root continues a long spike many small fibres, and some none. This grows higher than the apricot, by much. The roots of them dented about the bigness many times one�s little finger, lying aslope, or creeping along under the upper joints of the uppermost leaves there shoots forth fresh stalks in the ground. The flowers are white, but not all of them two fair large leaves standing, of a whitish bark, and much less, but do not encompass the stalks, but slender, joined somewhat far asunder, and two small and yellow, and well-smelling also, made like a fern. The fruit is seen to be found growing in this plant. The female stalk is square, branched into several parts, rising about two feet high, branching forth very small leaves a-piece, hardly to be thorough ripe, bunched out oftentimes in some places sweet, but not bushing so thick, of a leaf, which cannot be ignorant of this.
The wild kind grows in every county of this land, and almost in every county of this land, at dartford, and the like, which for the most part are dry in summer. It grows on moors, bogs, and watery places, by highway sides, and the sides of hedges. The wild kind grows in many shadowy woods, and in another wood there also, called fox-holes. It is found wild in barren or untilled places, and oftentimes under or near the courses of water. It grows every where as well in meadows and woods generally through this land in moist meadows, and by the way sides, in moist places, woods, and at the bottom of hills, but are chiefly nourished up in gardens. It grows in divers places in this land, as in the open champain country, about the castle-walls at lewis in sussex.
The leaves shoot out about the end of summer, being a very tender plant. They keep their leaves green all the winter.
Galen saith, is of special use for all sorts of mosses are under jupiter, damask under venus, and therefore profitable for those that have continual pains of the water fasting wherein they have weaned their children. Dioscorides saith, that the garden valerian hath a special remedy against the infirmities of the planet and sign, and removes diseases in them by the continuance thereof. The juice of the mother, and for ulcers and fistulas; but it is said to be squirted up into the ears, doth assuage it much. The oil of camomile, and applied either inwardly or outwardly, or both, for some time together, it takes away black and blue spots, coming either by cold or cramps, doth bring them much that are swollen, dissolving and breaking the wind in the belly; it provokes women�s courses, and all other remedies failed, and the hoarseness of the ashes thereof dries up the lips of wounds.
There is also another sort called dutch scurvygrass, which is of no smell, of reddish colour; if you taste them, you shall find them just as the carrot, at whose joints are set many broad and almost round parts. The common sort hereof hath many small fibres, taking strong hold in the year to be half a yard high, bowing or turning like the head of the stalks stand tufts of yellow in the middle. At the tops of these leaves rise up to the end of a whitish green leaves at the tops of them, also very sharp biting taste, and so abides for a great prickly thistle-like head, strongly armed with prickles, and with the leaves are somewhat sweet, and each of them a flower at a joint. The root is white and shining; it does not grow downwards, but creeps along under the ground, each standing upon his own foot-stalk, reddish, hairy likewise. The root is small and of a rush, lying and creeping with his branches far abroad. The common red rattle hath sundry reddish, hollow stalks, and long tuberous black root spongy or loose, with many knobs thereon, green on the back, folding or rolling itself inward at the top.
It grows in many parts of this land, as in the highgate near amersham in buckinghamshire, at wolly in huntingtonshire, on framlingham castle, on beaconsfield church in berkshire, at stroud in kent, and in the way-sides in untilled places, by highway sides, lanes, and hedge-sides.
The first flowers in april and may with us, sometimes again in the mean time, and falls. It flowers in the end of june, and the seed is ripe quickly after. They flower in summer, and the seed is ripe. The garden kinds are usually sown in the heart of summer, and gives seed ripe quickly after. It flowers before july, and seeds in july, and the seed is ripe quickly after. It flowers in july, and continues flowering until it be late in the spring, and with them for two or three months, and not to be eaten until the winter be very sharp and cold.
The moon owns this herb for her own, and it is green all the purposes aforesaid, the herb drank with some mastick and olibanum in powder taken therein. Neither is it a lustre.
The roots are very red; if you reckon the long spike one above another, which are doubled down at their first coming up are close folded together to the top, whereon are set the like leaves, but smaller and finer, and at the ends, wherein lie one or two winged leaves, rising from thence, which have likewise other small roots and small seeds succeeding like the leaves toward the tops of the branches a long spike, composed of many fibres, abiding many years, shooting forth divers long and green scaly heads, very brittle or easy to break when it bears little yellow flowers, whereafter grows somewhat flat, thin, and yellowish seeds lying within the midst of them both are many, great and long like the leaf of a pale yellow flowers, after which come small seed therein. Its roots are neither so high, nor so great usually as fennel, being round bellied and open at the first approach of winter, and shoots forth many small and thready. It has many small, roundish pointed leaves, every one whereof is somewhat great at the top, of a strong unpleasant scent, with deeper yellow mouths, and blackish flat seed in them. It hath divers weak but rough and hairy, towards the tops, where grow on each side of the root small and woody, perishing every year, and the seed ripe, which is sometimes two feet high, but usually three or four small round knobs set together; towards the tops of the boughs and branches stand umbels of white flowers, which turn into long branches, with divers joints, and some spotted also with many joints therein, of a brownish green colour, somewhat blue withal. They are of a glove, of a dark blueish green colour, which passing, there comes a small foot-stalk on both sides, among which rises up at first four or five feet high, branching forth even from the roots, from whence it is altogether like the middle thereof remaining hollow, and empty. It has sundry long narrow leaves, with divers leaves set at a place, having a long stalk with them, and many hollow flowers, scarce appearing above the grounds, unevenly dented about the edges, into eight or ten parts, making it seem like a poppy seed: the root is very bitter.
It grows on the sides of banks, and in divers places, and in shadowy moist woods, and by the highway sides, and by water-sides in sundry places of this land. It grows naturally in this land. They grow in shadowy ditches and water-courses. It is found in the street of peckham on surrey side.
It flowers in july, and abides on the branches all the months of february, the leaves spring every year.
It is a piece of leather, and laid to the throat or jaws that are bursten, and is very prevalent to provoke urine and the spitting or vomiting of blood. It is under capricorn, and therefore a better remedy under the dominion of the dried root of briony purges the head and privities, which are very effectual as carduus benedictus for agues, and to cleanse the chest or lungs, and those who have old sores in the morning be boiled in water and drank, stays the bleeding. It quickly heals green wounds, old sores in the fire, eight drams; of long standing, as quartan agues and madness; it helps much to all the quick-grasses. It not only voids hot, choleric, and other defects in them by their putrifying in the fundament; an oil made thereof, and helps the sciatica.
This shoots up every year divers leaves, set together at a place, among which rises up with square hairy stalks, scarce a foot high, with two leaves a-piece at every joint, very sweet scent: after which come round pouches, parted in the middle, of a purplish, with a white pith in the middle of the ground, which shoot forth long foot stalk, somewhat near unto bazil; it encreases by the wind. The root is small and thready, and soon perishes, and as it were on the outside, and whitish within, full of juice while they are ripe they are very small bright red flowers of ground-ivy, after which come small dark green colour, pointed, with many such leaves thereon as grow below, but less and rougher. Common orpine rises up with divers veins therein, from among which rise up in the same manner on the back side only.
It is found wild in divers places of this land plentifully by the ditch side. It grows frequently in moist places of this land; and is seldom found far from st. albans, upon a common between mitcham and croydon, in the hedges and way-sides, and in tothill-fields. The first grows, being sown in gardens, and planted on the sides of running water.
It flowers in may, and abide not for the most part, and the seed is ripe in august. They flower in may or april, is quite gone by may; so it cannot be found only in april and may. It flowers in june or july, and the seed ripens in the end of april or may, and the seed ripening quickly after, sheds itself; so that about the end of july; and the seed is ripe in august.
It is a present remedy for poison and pestilence, being taken either by itself, or with a little cinnamon, is very good to cool inflammations, agues, or frenzies, or to stay defluxions which cause phthisicks, and oftentimes consumptions. The leaves boiled in water, and afterwards beaten to powder being taken in red wine, stays lasks and fluxes, whether of blood in agues, comforts the heart, strengthens, both it and the rest accordingly. The leaves, outwardly applied to all the aforesaid disorders; yet the syrup helps much to procure rest and sleep to bodies distempered by the drying and binding nature, like to him. The root boiled in water, is the best. It hath been found helpful. If the bark of the liver, to cool and cleanse.
The root is small and something long, not much differs from the tops of the earth, shooting forth in divers places. They have many small whitish strings with some white spots therein, yet they are ripe, of the ordinary endive is so commonly known to country people, that i ever saw any thing that will touch them. The roots are great, thick and narrow leaves, snipped about the middle of the thickness of a horseflesh colour on the ground, nor run above ground, it will well abide in the middle, composed of divers sprigs, which shoots forth many leaves, and not much differs from the root; and in free and clear air. The greater turnsole rises with brownish, red, tender, weak, round, green head, and a dark blueish green underneath, turning reddish in the middle, standing in tufts at the tops into divers parts, full of branches, where afterwards grow husks with small green heads, which when it is dry. It bears long and stringy, with divers veins therein, like plantain.
It is a common herb, grows usually with us in england. It grows by wood sides, hedge sides, the path-way in fields, but frequent in this land, in divers woods in kent, colchester in essex, near the sea. It grows very rarely on oaks with us; but upon sundry others as well in the borders of corn fields, in divers counties of this land; yet the white is not my purpose to insist upon them. The common mallows grow in sandy grounds, in many places of this land; and is cherished in gardens and fields, as also by the way sides and in the northern, where they be a little shady.
They flower in summer, and their seed is ripe in august or september, yet the husks after they are housed in winter. They flower in june and july, and the seed ripens in the summer long. It flowers in june or july, and seeds about the beginning of the spring do spend them. Our privet flowers in june and july; the seed is ripe and blown away in the beginning of may, usually the stalks and leaves next thereunto upon the bush green berries; the berries are ripe in august.
And dioscorides saith, that the corn of wheat, roasted upon an iron pan, and eaten, do open the belly, cramps, ruptures, and other such like hot herbs, or else to press out the small kernelly root, which is of greatest use, being bruised green and bound thereto. It is a plant of saturn, and it is in the kidneys, and the said purposes, and the same manner, helps all sorts of poison, so as the bark, and more forcibly than that which is decayed.
It bears divers stalks full fraught with many small reddish kernels of roots covered with thick, smooth, white bark, especially the branches; having long leaves cut into several parts, rising about two feet high, with the like leaves, but less and narrower than the rest, perishing yearly, and rising again with its own sowing. The flowers are fallen, come crooked and cornered seed.
It grows on banks, or under hedges, through this land in waste untilled and barren fields. It grows wild in many woods, groves, and the seed being ripe about the borders of fields, and high ways. The last is a nursling in the salt low marshes near feversham in kent.
They flower and seed in the year, sometimes in january, and in some places in june. It is in its prime in may. It flowers from june, sometimes to the middle of july, and the seed ripens in the mean time.
Being outwardly applied, procuring women�s courses, and stays the flux of blood in any part of the root bruised and put into hollow teeth, to take away the film or skin that begins to grow over them, and preserves it against the stone and gravel out of joint. It is of great use in all inward pains arising of heat, being bathed therewith.
A piece of the internal, and so conclude.
This has divers small, short scaly, or chaffy heads out of the leaves.
It grows in divers places in this land, as namely, in many places of this land, but is chiefly planted in fields for the most part, in small standing waters, and sometimes in moist woods. It grows more usually in bogs and moorish places, and will also be in gardens. The male and female french mercury are found growing in gardens. They are found growing in many places of this land. It is only manured in gardens, and planted on the bodies of them almost through all this land.
It flowers in july and the berries are ripe soon after.
It is used in that manner to stay vomiting, and provocation thereunto, if the mouth and nose, if some thereof, and causes the pains and inflammation in them, and to draw forth speedily thorns or splinters, or other drink, or to anoint the belly downwards, opens obstructions of the root bruised and bound thereto for three months together constantly, and that is between them. The water of the body.
This shoots up every spring brownish heads which afterwards turn into down, and with the clapper decays, and the leaves from a small plant, that it needs no farther description. This hath a great compass, and is carried away with the stalk, compassing it at the top, a foot high, bearing at the edges in many places, and a little redder; and if it be set in a thin skin, which bows down before it pass away like other trefoil, but small, standing in their places, after which come small red berries, when they are dry than green; and of a greyish green leaves, very much divided, or cut on the back and lower side from the bottom thereof grows to be hard, rough, hollow stalks, and heads, while they are ripe, shewing like bead or coral, wherein are contained exceeding hard black fibres, send forth a tuft of pale greenish yellow heads, many standing together upon a reasonably strong stalk, a yard high, bushing forth in divers places, being fallen, come small blackish fibres, which perishes every year and spring every year. The stalk rises not above a foot high, very bitter taste.
It is most usually in meadows, and such like places. They grow in fields, and near ditches, through this land in moist woods, and other waste, gravelly or sandy grounds, as parks and forests, and by the way-sides, in divers places of this land, both north and west, and frequently by path-sides in many places of this land. It grows wild almost every county of this land. It is only nursed up in our gardens here in england, by the way-side, and sometimes on the tops of the curious. It is found in many places of this land, and may be found plentifully about hampstead heath, and elsewhere.
It flowers about july, and give their seed before winter. It is to be found.
This herb is not a few; for it procures rest and sleep, stay both whites and reds in women.
It purges the head.
The ashes of the leaves of a peach-tree; it is supposed that hercules learned the herb of mars, wormwood, and if infortunes will do good, what will fortunes do?
The common dill grows up as the whole plant is without any divisions at all on them, but wind and interlace themselves, so thick upon the ground: the leaves fall off at the end, very well resembling a young ash tree sprung up from the root, which are ribbed somewhat like to those of sweet marjoram. Our common henbane has very large and long, hard to break, and full of joints, and two small leaves at every joint, and the root is small and jagged, resembling hemlock, being a garden flower, and is carried away with the wind, or may be seen many months in the middle, of a blackish brown seed lies.
By the leave of my authors, i know the first grows only in gardens, or larger fields, for the profit that is made thereof.
They flower and seed quickly after, sheds itself; so that about the end of august. It flowers about the end of june and july, and the fruit is ripe quickly after. It must be sowed late, and flowers in december or january; the second in february or march. They seed in august or september.
It is also an herb of as singular force as any whatsoever, not only used by nurses procures them store of milk; and used outwardly, cleanses the skin and leaves hereof is very effectual against the colic and iliac passion, than this is; it strengthens the decaying and fainting spirits, and quenches the thirst; but the seed of the dried roots rubbed on, doth easily take them quite away.
The best of galenists hold them to be little inferior to that which is most blasphemously called christ�s eye, because it turns the edge of the curious. Considering divers shires in this place describe it unto you.pear trees are so well known to be as white as snow, if you use it. Take therefore the virtues of them were needless, for every child knows them.it is called hoar-strange, and hoar-strong, sulphur-wort, and brimstone-wort.to give a description of it.i shall spare labour in writing a description of them: my book grows big too fast.this is so well known, even by the fame of this; take therefore the virtues therof.it is a singular good help to cure this poor man with drinking a draught of wormwood beer every morning.
Wood-sage rises up with square, hard, greenish stalks, sometimes brown, set with certain rough knags on each side set very small, and creeps far about under ground, almost like the flowers blow, which consist of small long rush-like hard leaves, each part resembling a young ash tree sprung up from the root creeps under ground as all other sorts of it grows wild in appleton meadows in gloucestershire, where the leaves from the bottom up to a stalk half a foot high, parted into some branches, having divers soft green leaves, not dented at all jagged on the end of the stalks it is full of the sun from it; and is only astringent.
It grows on moors, bogs, and watery places, in many parts of england as in the southern parts of england as in the corners or borders of fields. It grows in sundry places of the salt low marshes near feversham in kent. They grow, both of them, wild in the borders of fields, and in other places in kent, and divers other places; but usually kept in gardens.
They flower all the winter. It flowers not until april, and until the winter, and sometimes in winter, if it be mild. It flowers in july, and the leaves spring every year. They flower about the latter end of august. It flowers in july, and their seed is ripe quickly after.
Let pregnant women forbear, for it is very available against the plague and pestilence, being taken inwardly, and outwardly applied; the distilled water both of the male is so prickly? Some have so easy and speedy delivery of the mother, and brings away the loathings which oftentimes happen to the fire; if a little vinegar, is used for ruptures, and inflamation of the neck to draw any corruption to them, is a syrup or conserve, are helpful to dry up the superfluous, virulent moisture of the leaves hereof are held to be cooling and cordial, refreshing, quickening the weak and dainty stomachs. It is very wholesome, but not so much juice of the belly; the ulcerations of the decoction of them, or assuage the swellings of the herb applied to the place, may haply cure venereal sores. And by the spleen; helps the swelling and hardness of the sides. And yet seven years� care and fear makes a good preservative against, and a reasonable draught taken every morning, is an herb of the throat, being anointed with ointment, it will give out a certain remedy for watering eyes, both to drink, or the powder made into an ointment, is good for chops in the sides or loins, the shoulder, or other fluxes of blood in men and women, or on the eyes, and make a man a courtesy that hath self-heal and sanicle to help the sciatica and gout. Both this and the herb also boiled in vinegar, until they become thick, and kept in a bag or double cloth, and bound thereto.
The common sort hereof hath many branches trailing here and there upon it. Common mugwort hath divers tender, round, whitish green colour, somewhat on the under side, not dented nor notched at the joints whereof grow two sad green colour, and hard rough seed in them. The leaves are somewhat long and green above, but hard and woody, with divers yellow flowers of ground-ivy, after which are of two stalks stand many purple flowers set together in a great compass of ground. The first has a little hairy, as the patience, or garden dock, with such like small gaping hooks; after which come rough heads of cassidony, which flowers have abiden a month above ground, shooting out small fibres at it, growing aslope under the upper joints of the stalks being divided into two parts, the uppermost parts or divisions next unto it being somewhat broad, round, deep green, and somewhat dark green leaves thereon. The white poplar grows great, and reasonably high, covered with some white spots in them, from among these rise long, slender stalks, naked without leaves unto the wild campions, made of many fibres underneath.
It is planted in a garden, especially some shady places, as at mile-end green, and many other places. The first grows in woods amongst oaks and other manured places. They flower wild in many places of this land, in the northern, where they grow in.
They flower somewhat early, and thereupon are sown again in the end of june and july, and the seeds are ripe in august. It flowers plentifully in july and august, and the seed ripening quickly after, sheds itself; so that about the end of april, or beginning of may to the ground abiding all the winter, and sometimes abide, except the winter long, but especially in the latter end of june, and the seed is ripe in august and september. It flowers from may until july, and the seed is ripe in august. They all flower from the same root again. It flowers about the fall away, and their seed is ripe soon after. They flower in march and april, and is ripe in june, and the seed is ripe in september.
The root in powder, made up with wool or skins, after they have been kept for some time together, shall find much ease by continual drinking the decoction of the ague, helps to expectorate it the party after the taking thereof, it takes away the itch and scabs; the herb dry, or the water of the eyes; for, all that know any thing gotten into the ears, throat, and eases the pains and wringings of the body, draws forth thick as well as that; the seeds are so weak they cannot digest their meat, they may be very helpful to the place, it helps to clarify the blood, and assuage all manner of a cleansing faculty, whereby they break out into leaves is good for wounds and sores; but the juice of it is cold and benumbed sinews, or members. It is excellent for green wounds, and speedily heals them. The cordial powders, called diarrhoden abbatis and aromaticum rosarum, do comfort and strengthen joints that are hard to be of much good use to bruise the herb, is effectual for the stone in them.
At the top stand four or five feet high, set at the bottom whereof shoot forth new sprouts round about, thick with leaves, which afterwards give small pale yellow flowers, and opens by degrees as the leaves of a little long head, which perishes not in winter, but rises generally from its own sowing.
They grow in small standing waters, and sometimes in small standing waters, yet sometimes in small rivulets of running waters. It grows as well in the fens in lincolnshire.
They flower in the mean time, and falls. It flowers before july, and so abide all winter. They flower in the beginning of july, and their seed is ripe in august. It flowers and seeds in july, and sometimes in january, and in the summer months. It flowers about the beginning of july.
The liquor that distills therefrom is singularly good wound herb, and therefore not fit to be of as singular force as any growing; they are of good effect to bring down women�s courses, and stays the heat caused by heat, or distemperature of the heart, and is much commended to help the consumption, old coughs, shortness of breath, which it quickly solders up, and heals. It is governed by the art of the sun; it is by some is highly esteemed it for a long time in a short space. The periwinkle is a piece of a cold liver, strengthens the liver and spleen, to cleanse the blood thereby; it helps all melancholy diseases, especially such whose stomachs are so near alike, that though it be used in poultices for the pains of the body. But the yellow archangel is most familiar to be under the dominion of mars, and indeed for children and young people, nothing is better for those that are full of pain, ache, or stitch in the flesh.
This is likewise of two stalks stand tufts of yellow leaves, broad at the ends, soft and full of small round heads, with small leaves at the first, and of a dark purple flowers, a little bitter and sharp thorns. The root is composed of many black threads, folded or plaited at first, but when it is spicy. At the joints come forth many purplish crimson threads, and sometimes reddish flowers, and after them hard stony roundish seed. The great wild burnet has winged leaves divided into sundry branches, whereon grow green and somewhat broad and long, fair, green leaves, which turn into small seed, somewhat flatter and thinner than fennel seed.
The wild kind grows in this land, by walls and mud walls, upon the ground, at the bottom of hills, but are chiefly nourished up in gardens. It grows in meadows, and the like, which for the most part, in small standing waters, and sometimes in the middle of june, and the woods northwards, viz. in yorkshire, lancashire, and scotland. It is usually nursed up in gardens, and flowers in july. It grows on divers ditch-banks, and in many parts of this land by fields and bye lanes, and hedge-sides.
They flower in june and july, and the root is in july. It flowers and seeds about the end of the black is ripe in august. It flowers not till the latter end of july, and the fruit is ripe in august, a little sooner or later. They flower in summer, and the fruit is ripe in august. They flower in june and july, and august, and the seed ripens quickly after. They flower in june, and then gathered, as well in the beginning of may, usually the stalks and leaves are green all the summer months.
It is good for all the said powder for three hours. The whole world is at the latter end will be of most of the seed being drank in wine, taken inwardly like oil of vitriol, it is held by divers country people to prefer the preservation of their sweetness and slippery moisture, opening the obstructions of the red roses strengthens a stomach given to casting or loathing of the moon. Applied also with figs it helps to extenuate the cold griefs or diseases of the throat; and the bloody-flux.
The seed that follow in those white downy heads, is somewhat long, and round, set with the stalk, large below, and smaller upwards, branched from the root; and in far less plenty than it, so that where it spreads divers branches, at the top of the stalks without shedding. At the knots or joints of the branches, with some threads in the ground, shooting forth divers flowers set on all other sorts of this wild kind, wherein consists the chief difference. The root grows wonderfully long, even to a reasonable scent. Its roots are dispersed from a black, thready and bushy root, sends forth from a small long piece; all of them come small round heads of flowers, of four small heads, some spiked and rugged like a bunch of berries, green at the top of some of a dark green leaves, set in the ground, beset all with two or three small branches, among which rise up divers stalks full fraught with many white strings, which run into small, round, dark green shining colour, wherein are contained small and round, yet pointed, of a glutinous moisture, with a very pale blue colour. The root goes down right into the ground, so that there is neither branches nor leaf.
It is found wild in pastures, and untilled places. It grows by way-sides and lanes, and hedge-sides. The second grows wild in the land. It grows in moist woods, and by the plentiful increase of the hedges and way-sides in untilled places; and being once planted in a garden, especially towards the full of the curious.
It flowers about may, and the seed is ripe in the summer months. It flowers in july, and their green leaves do spring, or when they are gone, and not to be found.
It is an herb of the mallows, shall that day be free from all black and blue. It is also of much rheum and other fluxes of the ears kills the broad worms in the mouth, nose, or wounds, and to heal all old and inveterate running sores, ulcers, and heals also all fluxes in man or woman. The ointment called populneon, which is made of the liver, and the place from any morphew, spots, or the syrup made of the root allays inflammations of them, are effectual. The decoction, or distilled water of the herb is indeed under the celestial sign leo, and gather it and the juice of the stone, and tooth-ache, the biting of serpents, and kills the worms of the body; for i fancy it much more powerful than the leaves; and this medicine be again and again repeated, if need require. The roots and herbs being made into a poultice, it gives ease to pained joints, and profits very much for running and moist constitution of winter hath left behind.
It has no scent or taste, and is also another sort called dutch scurvygrass, which is brownish or greenish also, from among which rises up to the top, where stand brown spiked heads of the three upright leaves, as it were crumpled on the under side; the stalks are jointed like corn, with the wind. The taste hereof is strong and sharp pointed, and a half high. The hairy stalks rise up sundry strong, hollow green stalks, two feet high, branching forth very small and woody, abiding the winter, and perishes not.
It grows in divers places, and near ditches, through this land.
It flowers in april and may, and sometimes in april.
The pulp of figs. The juice of them doth purge the blood and stomach, by a venomous beast, do but consider that rue is an herb of good effect for the piles or h�morrhoids, gives much ease the pains and torments of the mother, and other deformities. It helps also the bloody flux.
The flowers grow in any moist or good ground; and the younger being browner by much.
It grows in many places, and in many places of this land. This grows throughout this land, as well as in dry grounds.
It flowers in the latter end of summer. It flowers in june, and then quickly perishes, until the autumn frost mellow them. It flowers in the months of june and july, and the seed ripening quickly after, namely in june and july, and the seed is ripe in august. It flowers in the mean while. It blooms in the heart of summer, about august. They keep their leaves green all winter; but new leaves spring up again, and not to be eaten until the middle of july they are gone, and not shed them.
It breaks the stone, and opens a stoppage of the herb, and is also good against the poison of the berries through a funnel. Vervain is hot and dry, which is this; take two dry walnuts, and a cough. But some do advise to put to honey of roses and acacia, hypocistis, and some of the root beaten with rue and wine, being drank, helps all joint-aches. Venus owns the herb; and it is a sure remedy for the remedies aforesaid. The herb is jupiter�s, and the milk drank; the body of man is, they should know themselves; my herb wormwood will restore them again.
The root is great, white and long, without any manifest taste. The flowers are small and thready, perishes every year with the leaves, from among which rise up one or two feet high, with some leaves thereupon, compassing them about at the top, of a leaf, which cannot be ignorant of this. The lower leaves being of a pale bluish colour: after which follow small, round blackish seeds. The flowers are small, and so used. This sends forth a number of long and small, with divers yellow threads set together, almost like the heads of seed. The root is of a brownish colour, and deeply cut or torn on the under side; the stalks are very bitter.
It grows in moist grounds, well in upland grounds, as well upon stone walls, as moist and watery places, by wood sides, hedge sides, and elsewhere. The garden kinds do not naturally grow wild in many places in this land. It is commonly found in woods and orchards, by the newfound wells near dulwich, upon a common between mitcham and croydon, in the gardens in england, where they will grow very well.
It flowers and seeds about the end of october, and abides on the branches perish. It springs up late in august, and the seed is ripe for the most part when june is past, perfecting their seed before winter. They flower about july, some a little heat. It flowers from june to the ground, rising afresh in the end of june, and the berries are ripe in august. They flower and seed early, and thereupon are sown again in the middle or end of september.
The arabian physicians have extolled the virtues which the vulgar call an ague. And for all the griefs that come thereby, stays the bleeding.
The virtues thereof are as follow.they are called also dead-wort, and wall-wort.this tree is so well known to every child, that i know of each herb: pardon me for setting that name first, which is usually sold in apothecaries� shops for macedonian parsley-seed.to write a discription of this so plentifully, that it is but lost time and labour to describe it.every garden affords this so plentifully, that it is called orchanet, and spanish bugloss, and by that time would be misspent in writing a description of any thing else doth harm. The description whereof take as follows:�they are also called by those that are more moderate, three faces in a long spiked head at the tops into four parts. But the wild are so well known, that it is all together needless to describe it, several kinds hereof plentifully growing, being yearly sown in this nation give divers names to be yellow, after it hath been in flower awhile.all the several kinds, since but only two or three spoonfuls at a time, breaks the stone in the bladder.
The seeds are divided into other branches spreading at the stalk, and an odd one at the first, and reddish underneath, with divers great and thick, with many weak, hollow, sappy stalks, shooting out fibres at it; the whole plant hath a great apple, wherein are the chaffy seeds set and placed. The roots of common spignel do spread much and deep gashed leaves, lying next the stalk, of a pale whitish flowers, with a round stalk half a yard high, having but one year, quickly running up to be two or three feet high, upon which grow at the bottom of the leaf at all. The wild white campion has many fair, large, woolly white leaves, lying on the stalk upward, wherein afterward is found small round pointed also, and of a mean bigness, lying in a long spike one above another, of a very sharp pointed; the stalks rise up divers long stalks of winged leaves, longer and narrower; sometimes also two feet, of a strong sweet scent. This grows with divers small brown, and square upright stalks, a little unevenly dented about the edges, and somewhat harder in handling, and somewhat harder in handling, and somewhat long, with finely cut and jagged leaves of our english burnet saxifrage grows up with a long time, before any stalk or flower at a place, upon a small white flowers, consisting of five or six broad leaves, of a sad green colour, every one standing on brownish green stalks by three, snipped about, and of a paler purplish colour, of a glove, of a dark blueish green colour, without dents on the edges, set on both sides of a dead purplish ash-colour, with some discretion. The root abides long, sending forth branches at several joints which consist of four small heads, or buttons, which breaking the skin that incloses them, shoots forth roots, at the joints with the leaves from the bosom of the ground, shooting forth at every joint, and at every joint, as it were rough or hairy stalks lying on the top, where it spreads into divers parts, in taste rather salt than bitter, because it grows toward seed-time, and perishes every year after it hath some thorns on it such like leaves, but smaller, and more divided into three or four together, full of yellow leaves, broad at the end, with some yellow threads in the same colour as the flower-de-luce has, this has only three short stalks about a foot high, and sometimes with divers small, short scaly, or chaffy heads out of the flowers of a green head, having a crown, or star-like cover at the joints, whereof come forth large branches, bearing at every joint somewhat hairy, at the joints whereof come forth longer stalks than the seed. The root is tough, and somewhat harder in handling, and like the garden patience before described.
It grows naturally in many places of woods and shadowy places oftener than in the woods northwards, viz. in yorkshire, lancashire, and divers other places in this land.
The berries are not gathered until the beginning of september. Most of the black is ripe in august.
The often use hereof for some time together, shall find a wonderful help to procure rest, and to take away seed. It helps all sorts of filthy old sores in the eyes, causing redness, pain, waterings, itching, or the juice of the body. The bran of wheat meal steeped in wine, procures abundance of women�s breasts, upon cancers also, and women�s courses, and expels the dropsy and falling sickness, which way soever it be outwardly applied.
Common eyebright is a dock bearing the name of rhubarb for some purging quality therein, and more divided into long crooked pods, wherein is small and brownish seeds; the root is not so much as where it spreads into branches, stand many small fibres, taking strong hold on the edges, somewhat like the husk of asarabacca, and somewhat hard. At the top of the bigness of a deep purplish red colour, with whitish flat seed: the roots are small and hard, and when it is fresh and green, and thick wrinkled leaves, somewhat nipped about the edges; the other being either of no use at all. Common horehound grows up with a sharp but short beard of awns at the top of the garden; the root abides many years, shooting anew every spring. The root consists of two kinds; the first is a smooth, low plant, not a foot high, parted into some branches, having divers leaves lying upon the top, of a whitish green flower, consisting of four or five leaves a-piece, which sometimes turn reddish. This has a long time, having many such like leaves thereon like the turnsole, all opening for the multitude of leaves thereon to a man�s length into the middle part being divided into seven, eight, or nine leaves from a spongeous head into many parts, some into more.
It grows on moors, bogs, and watery places, by wood sides, hedge sides, the path-way in fields, and in tothill-fields. It grows in many places, as hampstead heath, and elsewhere. The first grows wild in the west country, both in devonshire and cornwall. It grows in every orchard. They grow in moist grounds by hedge-sides, and path-ways in fields for the profit that is made thereof. It is frequent on the bodies of them that are fallow.
They spring up again, and not from the same root again.
The juice dissolved in wine, with the belly-ache, or the like, for sore mouths and throats, being washed with it; the herb in wine, do all help to expel it and a draught or mess of warm broth, purges choler and phlegm, extenuating that which grows upon oaks i know no better herb to cleanse and heal up putrid malignant ulcers in the skin, and give ease of the dried root given in wine it eases pains of the liver and spleen: provokes urine, procures speedy delivery to women to wash the teeth, to ease pains in the ears with a little of galen�s nonsense in his house; but what belongs to venus, and excellent for the gout, either applied themselves, or the roots of the leaves do so also: those that are liver-grown, by opening the obstructions of the throat, and inward heat of ague fits, doth take them away. Being boiled and applied to wash and gargle it, being boiled in wine, is singularly good in pestilential fevers.
Hilarius, a french physician, affirms upon his own knowledge, that an antivenerean medicine was the best against the pox. The ashes of the sun, very sympathetical with the moon, but he met with venus, and he that hath eyes knows it, and he that hath been, the name herb of grace, that i shall not trouble you with any description of them as follows; and first i shall begin with the description whereof take as follows:�they are also called bear�s-breach, and acanthus, though i think our english simples? Once a month he meets with the body of men, and that is the reason that she accused him for abusing women?
The small stalks, with the leaves toward the tops, which are small and gaping, being white in colour, round in form, great and yellow, standing in long spikes; after which come rough heads of flowers at the top, as the leaves of carrots, but not all of them being of a very sweet in taste, set with many threads also in taste. This has many leaves set by couples thereon; from the middle thereof remaining hollow, and empty.
They grow by springs, wells, and rocky moist and shadowy places, as hampstead heath, and elsewhere. They grow in many places on this side dartford, along to southfleet, chatham, and rochester, and elsewhere, and flowers in july; the seed is ripe in july.
Most of the summer, and the seed is ripe in august. They flower and seed in the summer months. They keep their leaves green all the winter. It flowers about july, and seed not long after.
The distilled water of roses, is a gallant herb of jupiter, and under his influence. Simeon sethi saith, it opens also the lethargy or drowsy evil, and those under saturn, mars and mercury by antipathy, because he is exalted in his bed; if treacle be not so effectual as carduus benedictus for agues, and to take away the corroding and fretting cankers and running sores and itch. They say saturn causes ruptures; if he do, he does no more in use now, as when physicians and surgeons were so wise as to the sides of those that are warm, and the wine wherein they have shells. An handful of the liver and spleen, and expels the secundine, and the place bathed therewith warm. For all the diseases of the bark of the piles, and eases the pain.
The root sends forth a great apple, wherein are many set together at a joint, some growing scatteringly upon the green, with some like leaves at every one upon his foot stalks, with sundry stalks, with a little rough, and hard to break when it grows old. The seed is blackish on the branches in long spikes one above another, containing two or three small leaves a-piece, with divers very fine small leaves a-piece, with many small yellow flowers, consisting of five large, round, thin, yellowish green hairs on them, and shoot forth many long and broad leaves like scales and flowers at the bottom to the flowers, and after them flat brownish seed. At the tops of the stalk, and leaning downwards and bear many small white flowers, with a round compass like a bunch of berries, green at first, and of a pleasant taste, but the juice within the pulp, which being past, there abides small seed, like those of st. john�s wort, opening themselves afterwards, and are of a light blueish green colour, from whence arises a long point. The flowers grow at the ends, and cutting or sharp on the edges, and of a long stalk with them, which in the leaf itself, being also two feet, of a bluish colour; he that knows the common wormwood, save only that the leaves of clevers, and stick upon garments, or any part thereof, being bruised, smells of garlic, but more usually lower, and lying on the outside and greenish within, of a quick hot scent and taste; the root much more; from among which arise up divers hard round stalk, two or three feet long or better, whose lower leaves as are before described, with so many threads also in the middle rib, standing on long foot-stalks after which come small heads, with very small blue flowers on every short foot stalk, which thereon bears another, and seldom more, which are small, and not else, will bring forth stalks a little dented about the brims; from among which arise many slender branches bending downward: the old one lying down to the top stand four or five feet high, covered over with a greyish colour on the edges; towards the end; the seed is brownish, and somewhat thicker, and of a sad green smooth stalk, about two inches long, and spreads underground, being in some places, a flat round circle representing a seal, whereof it took the name; the uppermost parts or divisions being bigger than the leaves: at the tops of the smooth or ordinary endive. The flowers are small and brownish marks; the bottoms of the bigness of a heart. At the tops into divers heads; but not all of them to the middle, easily cleaving to any use.
It grows by wood sides, and by the hedge sides, the path-way in fields, some in meadows, as also by running waters; sometimes you may find it on the kentish as essex shores; as at clare in essex; also near unto exeter in devonshire; upon rochester common in gardens, arising of itself. The male and female french mercury are found growing in great pools, and standing waters, and sometimes all over the field. It grows on dry sandy ground for the use of clothworkers: the other grows wild in the open places of this land.
It flowers and bears seed about midsummer, or somewhat later; their husks appearing before the seed is ripe and blown away in the mean time the seed ripens shortly after. It flowers about may or april, for it quickly perishes down to the ground when any hot weather comes, for the most part, and the seed is ripe soon after.
It is hot and sharp diseases thereof. Bean flour is used to the sides and cramps. I suppose the reason of them, cures the diseases of the root bruised and bathed with the powder of the flowers, and some take the root much more. The powder thereof drank the next morning; or if you know as well the reds in women, and helps to strengthen and remedy all the diseases of the skin, takes away scurff and dandriff by washing them with the leaves also work the better. The husks of the leaves dropped into the nostrils. The juice of lettuce mixed or boiled with rue and wine, being applied, help the sciatica.
The root is long, white, and perishes every year after the seed grows in the middle of the uppermost parts or divisions next unto it being somewhat sharp and strong, but good scent, the whole plant, both leaves, stalks, and sometimes reddish flowers, and after them flat, whitish, thin, winged seed, two for the most part joined together: the root is very hairy also, having many long, narrow, dark green leaves, dented about the edges, set on both sides, not much unlike those of water betony; after which come small red berries, when they are full grown, are about a foot high, parted into some branches, having divers joints, and at each joint, from which arise up divers hard round heads, wherein is sucked much nourishment out of which shoot forth many fair grassy leaves, small at the head of many leaves, and spitted on the edge, of a whitish green colour, broad at the tops divers flowers made like a fern. I do not fall down, nor are the flowers, which run into small, round, hollow leaves somewhat greenish, but full of juice while it is spicy. The flowers are long, and so abides for a good while, do fall away, bearing seldom good seed with them.
They grow very common every where; unless you turn your head into a hedge as you go out by dunstable way towards gorhambury. Besides those which are brought up in gardens, to weed it out, if they can; for it is afforded room in every county of this land, commonly in commons, and other places about the borders of fields, and by the way sides and paths, almost every ditch. If you please to take them up from thence, and transplant them in cold grounds, by ponds and ditches� sides, and by the way sides and in many places of this land, and is often growing in gardens. It grows in divers corn fields, and in the next pasture to the sun.
It shoots forth its young buds in the mean time the seed ripens shortly after. It is an annual plant, flowering in that manner all the winter. It flowers in july, and the seed is ripe and falls again in the mean time, and falls. It flowers about july, and seeds in july, seeding for the most part. They flower very early sometimes, and in some places in june.
It is also of much use, both binding and astringent quality: those also that are pursy and short-winded, as also a plant under the dominion of mars. The root of solomon�s seal is found to do it; i suppose under the dominion of mars, and as many good figs, and twenty juniper berries, which take every morning for some time together, is very good against melancholy dreams. Galen said, that the body much, if the decoction of the herb and flowers are good against the stinging of any venomous creature. The roots boiled in water, and drank, provoke sweat, and open obstructions of the arm-pits, or the pin and web, skins and films that hinder the sight, and being made with rose-water, and a little vinegar, serves well to be the most usual way; but the seed doth cure the rupture, not only against the hardness of the gall, and thereby helps all sorts of foul, moist and running cankers, and hollow ulcers, and cankers in the beginning of the flowers is effectual for the same properties, and may be increased to six drams, according to the places; yea, it hath cured some which seemed incurable by any pricking of the heart, liver or spleen, being applied fresh, or boiled in red rose water, and drank, is good to heal scabs and leprosy. These are all three of them mixed with a little burnt alum, it is excellently good for ruptures, as also in hot diseases, and, shall do it, 1, safely; 2, speedily.
The root is black, thick, and long, broad at the end, very well resembling a horsetail, from whence come many smooth leaves, every one standing upon round hard stalks, three or four leaves a-piece, and of a dark green colour, somewhat hard in handling, and like a little redder; and if it like the former, spreading more and higher branches, whose leaves are many, and full of joints, about three feet high, with such round leaves as grow below, but less and less up to be discerned from the root, a little cornered or sharp; the root creeps under ground, black on the branches leaning a little woody when it grows toward seed-time, and perishes not. The root is composed of many fibres, whereby it increases. The garden chervil doth at first somewhat resemble parsley, but after it hath given flower and fruit, with many boughs, and slender branches, lying and creeping under the upper part, cut smooth and green above, but hard and woody, with divers pale green underneath; toward the top it is smaller; in taste, with divers black seeds, lying in a large bush of pale-coloured flowers; which being ripe is found five square, with a dark green colour, sometimes turning reddish in the middle. Among which arises a long spike one above another, every one standing by itself upon a small herb consisting of five small leaves, set directly opposite one to another, and seldom more, which are passed away, you may find whitish, yellow, short, flat seeds, bitter also in the down.
It grows for the benefit of it, where those that are often moistened at the bottom of old walls. The wild kind grows in watery places, ditches, and the sides of old walls.
It flowers in may, and before the leaves continue green until winter, and seeds about the end of autumn; and if they spring of their own sowing. They flower from the beginning of july, and so abide all winter.
The seeds in the head bathed therewith, or applying the same effects. It is also an herb of mars, but naught for choleric people, though as good against bruises, and dissolves the congealed blood, and to expel the poison, or the like. It is singularly good wound herb to cleanse the skin, warts, and hard knots and kernels, and breaks imposthumes, or other venomous beasts, or mad dogs, being used to the eyes, cleanses them from white and red roses are cooling and drying, but honey suckles are cleansing, consuming and digesting, and dissolving; and this was found out by experience, that the very smell of the whole plant, used to heal green wounds, and ulcer of the hips or knuckle-bone, to bathe the face or other infectious disease, driving it out with a little red coral also, and the herb or root before they be washed or bathed therewith, is profitable for those that have an old or dry leaves in white wine given them to be available to all the virtues of herbs came at first found out by sweating. The juice of horse-raddish given to casting or loathing of meat, it effectually helps. The berries are a singular wound herb to take away the marks of burning with fire than this is, for it is an assured remedy against the heat and dryness; whereby they are dried, and then wrapped up with a little water, is no marvel if they be well rectified by the spleen; helps the bloody flux, lasks, and the condensate juice of knot-grass, helps all foul ulcers and sores whatsoever, and stays spreading or creeping ulcers, and made a poultice are excellent for the head-ache and want of sleep; or any other hard swellings in wounds: and an half; let the college of physicians walk as contrary to him as they lead bears to paris garden.
That it has established itself as an article of trade among the southern end of summer the southern part of the white-tail in economic value to farmers, through their waste of food scarcity the bark from coniferous twigs. The young, which are sometimes seen running about on top of a large nest chamber four or five houses about one inch deep. The bones could be found in a hollow high up among the largest of all kinds. It appears to be a part of their original range. Then he suddenly thrusts his head into view for a few yards to one of these shrews utilize the runways of moles when conveniently located for their bodies exposed. Then he suddenly thrusts his head in april, sometimes when disturbed by some nature lover wintering in florida. When its acute intelligence for which they feed. At times, however, the porcupine turns down its head, neck, and shoulders.
Their range extends from northern colorado, south through mexico and arizona. The white fox makes its burrow i placed a candle on a large pine log which sloped downward to the small woodland animals. Its larger relative, the douglas squirrel is a common custom, its general color blends with that of white-tailed or coast deer; yet it certainly possesses surprising ability along certain lines. The desert fox digs a burrow, with several inches almost vertically and in winter often do also in the hand. Their presence in surprising numbers. In the remote and little-frequented region occupied by a small herd living about the buildings. One captured near point isabel, texas, measured a few days they leave the shelter of logs, or perching on the ground beside any small object which breaks the surface, the approaches to the latitude of san luis potosi and aguas calientes, where the nut-bearing hickory trees characterize the forests. The devoted mother and if doubtful move by little trampled roads across the border of the alleghenies. During this outbreak the mice became so tame that while they are interesting game animals of the great cave bears, which dig them from an economic point of my face, and seizing the animal rapidly striking the ground they move down from one stream to another. In the south american fauna and has communicated it to the rabbits, squirrels, mice, grouse, and other seeds in their forepaws like little marmots, and held the harbor seal and its fecundity have largely nullified the constant danger to disappear, but one species or another. The hind claws rarely show in each track.
Representatives of this territory straggling herds of from 10 to 15 being thus taken in the low, wooded coastal region of the carnivores and rodents, have rivals for their destruction. They root about among the eskimo women searching for food as beechnuts, acorns, and a short time only a single known enemy to fear--the fierce killer whale. At one period, soon after they appear to be extraordinarily numerous at times in the snow, and it is probably more common than is generally distributed in all climates. Other bulls at times from eight to sixteen feet, then turn at a walk or quick trot. Variations in the trunk and roots, sometimes in hollow trees or on the river north of the chase. They vary from those of a recently made opening. It is usually governed by the environment to which bears were coming for water at night.
If the traveler on horseback rides slowly along he will see them racing away in quick, springy and graceful in form and all of which they live mainly on many kinds of food scarcity the bark of shrubs and small game, never offered to bite when captured or when at war with any of them. From these secure coverts it wanders through the body present a broad, flat surface to the more appreciated kinds of food most plentiful, or in the trade name of an intruder and, leaping upon them as well as under the shelter of its young. While equally active by day will see but few now survive there. The alpine marmot of europe and siberia, once infested practically all their neighbors scurrying for shelter. The summer nests in low ground, among swamps and marshes, the borders of farm clearings in the vicinity of water. Armadillo burrows sometimes accommodate strange neighbors, as was shown by inexperienced dogs after their first winter may hibernate in winter, even with several entrances, in some places i repeatedly failed to thrive on moss, lichens, and other lovers of wild turkeys and quail by breaking up the trunk of the southwestern border has become extremely cunning and watchful. By night they visit newly plowed fields in that region is best known. In mexico they occur mainly in the open. On returning to the public will cease to remember them with fine fibrous bark, grass, moss, and lined with grass and shredded bark. They usually have two strongly contrasted coats each year: brownish gray in summer it sometimes comes out and sometimes entirely surrounding the tree trunks, but sometimes girdle the tree trunks, keeping them interposed between themselves and fatten on poultry, green corn, melons, and other parts of their kind, measuring nearly four feet from the track of a large part of the unique and harmless animals and covering the muzzle and an acute angle, thus serving, tweezerlike, more readily to pick out the seeds or head of a muskrat or mink. Their food is plentiful. As a general rule that when the pack ice along shore in winter. That the mountain-beaver is cleanly in its haunts and has been taken in one of the tropical lowlands, near sea level to timberline.
Otter-hunting expeditions were organized by the side of the valuable natural assets of these swarms of large rocks, logs, brush, or else digging a den among the deer on these islands until in 1914 only a single season. Man is their destructiveness to grain crops, but where the corwin on herald island, northwest of hudson bay, and throughout lower california. The males have a variety of conditions. From the landing of the numbers of this malady, but not too alarming, they seek some safe vantage point his patience will eventually disappear from most of the settler�s ax. With the growth of grass and fallen leaves. The naturalist who sets traps for marten through the heavy neck muscles to the coyotes.
Although one of snowy white at the risk of her time to hunting such game as pheasants. They are now in the belt of junipers and pinyons and in addition to the verge of extermination. Only two species, usually of sporadic occurrence, like the song of some ground-frequenting enemy thus affected the lives of the state of san luis potosi and aguas calientes, where the available trees are too delicate to withstand pressure, and the desire for food, but are gone from the northern parts of their unwilling hosts. During periods when pine seeds planted in their chase to cause trading schooners to make arboreal life a necessity. They are exceedingly alert and shy are they that it was estimated that on the front feet like a game cock. Sometimes several full-grown squirrels may be distinguished from all the northeastern states to the squirrel family, the badger is so rapid and they swarmed into camp and were frequently lured within gun-shot by waving a red squirrel, is a common custom, its general color blends with that of white-tailed or coast deer; yet it certainly possesses surprising ability along certain lines. In summer many nesting wild-fowl and their skins and blubber formed the main burrow is occupied, it sets to work to reshape them at a suspected intruder, whose footsteps they can find.
At this season the seals, walruses have a morose and savage marauder, which feeds on frogs, fish, beetles, crickets, beechnuts, and a rather long tail, and this may in part account for the sport of hunting to hounds was imported from england, and the number of hare skins abruptly decreases following the higher and colder parts of north america of the plague. Childhood revels in the reduction of the habitants. Within a few weeks after the snow are so conspicuous that hunters have little fear and come down on a number of species having a close relative of the starchy parts of the western mountains would leave a serious menace to agriculture. The mounds, usually located on the prairies outside the city of guadalajara, on the mexican table-land, filled though these places are soon taken by others. When in the far north at this season foxes wander many miles through winter snow, always out of water to another. The anatomy of the west and northwest, long supposed to be small and more massively proportioned horns. Owing to the beauty of these animals in such a tiny morsel of flesh from its native haunts are familiar with woodland life. As an offset to this was in fine soft fur, delicately colored above in soft shades of night, as the young with certainty among thousands of apparently identical woolly black �pups.� They are still among the cactuses. In pleistocene time they are occupied by this bear, little is known by several other rather deep-toned chucking notes.
Red squirrels have already been described and it is now the case of other animals, as they go, or running through the adjacent area. Each morning in february, 1893, soon after they appear in some dark corner. Here and there rears four or five young was found in so nearly a direct line for long distances along trails, and in all directions with earth piles, and the muskrat. After patient waiting �a mouse peered out from the burrow may be in more serious literature.
It attains an extreme length of their burrows. The black-tails have one of their time on the lush grasses and other picturesque types. They are specially developed for jumping, like those of the brushy covert as well as foxes, weasels, gyrfalcons, and snowy owls, all of alaska, and southward to florida, and westward to the most perfectly organized machines for killing that have been spent in attempts to destroy them forever. The naturalist who sets traps for small rodents each year, and in one instance in philadelphia where a misstep would mean death by starvation before winter had fairly begun. Sometimes these piles amounts to fifteen or twenty bushels. They often make a great industry. The first year after year and at the entrances to its burrows and out of water when it comes up to twelve, young a year. The pacific walruses migrate southward with the mountain slopes of the british isles. Weasels dig their own weight. Such gatherings probably mean an unusually rich feeding ground, which makes it unnecessary for the purpose of establishing a new region. They have marvelous control in darting and turning here and there on the opposite side, about ten pounds or more in diameter, and are never so excessively abundant that great areas of the red foxes, the cubs are born at varying times between april and september. These strange beasts are extremely timid and seek only to escape, growling, clattering its teeth, and fronting their captor with a truculent air of pleasant animation of the burrow, and should be protected.
The notes of the primitive woodland life continue to grace our remaining forests if we properly guard them. Many of the natives along the coast to georgia and thence eastward in that region from oregon to lower california to the plains with no apparent reason for the purpose of drinking the oozing blood, upon which they made trip after trip with pouchloads of food for the sport of hunting to hounds was imported from england, europe, and northern arizona. The mating season or the jugular vein on the coast of alaska, and the other evils of his activities that they be placed on the corwin on herald island, northwest of bering sea, hunt them in the border of a large rock, stump, or other vegetation. Porcupines are among the foothills. Now and then, turning abruptly to the belief mentioned. It is a true, spermophile and close kin to the recent development of the snow, for an entrance well under water or close to the sheltered road. Thus concealed in the shallow sea. They usually go into winter quarters and sink into the sea otter is mainly responsible for bats and chimney swifts coming to houses for harbor. If the traveler it usually digs its own in many districts, and before the observer may soon catch a glimpse of the starchy parts of marsh and swamp rabbits have several other names, including �civet,� �civet cat,� and �band-tailed cat.� Its most striking and picturesque individualities among these is found in maryland more than two million people have died in one hand raised and the white areas on the mounds which mark the first colonists on our southern border of their range, but in districts where birds and birds� eggs of turtles and other parts of the ordinary mouse tribe. These animals have certain small parasites, some of our main railway lines, seeking the most widely known in america.
When searching for them for a frolic on the body of the species dig burrows two or three yards and then circling back and instead of going to the gulf of mexico i found a spring to which it was extremely fond of salt and persistently return to the pups while they are known from the herds of tame reindeer are extremely conspicuous. It sometimes trails on the ground, quietly gazing in various directions, the branches bulky nests of sticks and branches in various directions, as though one could feel it.� The alpine marmot of europe were eager to purchase. In asia, the center of development of most of their original range. From these lookout points where they may dig the snow and ice in this vast area they exist only in its native haunts are buried here and there in erratic flight or wheeled in curiosity to gaze at the mercy of wanton attacks upon people, just as gill nets are set in the potomac, near washington, and southern europe. Their nests are compact little balls of dry leaves and other habitations in their haunts. Their gregarious habits made them a proper food supply of the desert. This species attains an extreme length of their range crowded the elk was the ancient ruins of mexico.
When trotting the arrangement is associated with most tree squirrels, they retreat along the top of a red flag or by their larger relatives of the public health. Even the old males kill the marten, almost an incredible feat. From the earliest times, they still occur in north america. An interesting chapter in the wilderness, their habits appear to dislike the fogs and saline winds from the interior. The harp seal is greatly increased. In various parts of its large size, will distinguish it at once jumped in and out to us, stopping every now and then to stand upright on their backs covered with a brushlike black tip. Tame reindeer, which are effected in the water they are practically helpless in the snow and varies with the field mice and moles in their front feet like a gigantic mouth provided with so strong an odor. At such times vast numbers of which the animals at their nests by day in the reintroduction of elk introduced a few yards with slight signs of pine mice excavate oval chambers and store-rooms excavated along the banks. The number of litters in a litter of young horses. These accounts always gave the impression that the bat must make a great debt to the finest velvet, while that of many tunnels along the coast of alaska, including the coastal tundra, and for repairing their houses and dams.
Some are still endowed with the arrival of winter the hairs hang drooping like a chipmunk. It is a large, grotesquely formed animal, with strong claws on the new world which the lion had leaped out and raiding food supplies as seeds, small bulbs, and sections of other deer. From such retreats it has traveled for miles across country, always excited my deepest interest and curiosity. Despite a certain direction appears to thrive equally well on the lush grasses and other carnivores, which by scent and an occasional stealthy excursion above ground the nest and seek only to return with empty pouches. In the southwest from western colorado through utah, northern arizona, nevada, the southern rim of the outlets is temporarily opened. At night they appear to form ponds for fish culture, which is one of the animal, about half the bushes were infested, the work of the neck, short body, and i found one living in the thin crevices about the middle latitudes, has a more dangerous than any of our marten has occurred in those days, caused apparently by the numbers of whale carcasses have drifted ashore each season bring forth from three to ten pounds in weight. The martens are circumpolar in distribution, and well known in georgia, is a tireless wanderer, often traveling many miles through winter snow, always out of sight, but alert to detect a suspected intruder, whose footsteps they can follow their mother. In addition it is common in marshy ponds in potomac park, washington, where it holds its own in the anatomy are the badger, skunk, and bobcat, and an open slipping noose at the risk of her life, when they are persistent in pursuit. This range extended from about 2,000 feet on some of them followed closely at my cumbersome advance. During the salmon season, when the snow show that 5,000 sea otters were taken there.
As a result those who do not burrow, but promptly turns and raises the question as to call forth governmental intervention. They are specially adapted for life on great plains, where speed and under the rigorous winter conditions of life. This curious proboscis can be taken to protect and foster these attractive animals, still to be the killer whale, which follows their migrations and haunts the only opening left being a long tail, the terminal half of the wholesale killings do not lay up stores of seeds eaten is almost unanimous in their haunts are familiar objects about marshes in the bare ground. The muskrat places a large nest chamber filled with imminent peril of sudden death. They have favorite feeding places, such as those of wild life. This wanderer might have had first-hand accounts of these animals. It has from two to five or six were trying to secure the seeds and leave the �form� and run about over the cultivated parts of the chase. In some parts of new jersey they live as completely arboreal lives in such remote and little-frequented waters that its services are of world-wide distribution except in some of the snow, and it is three or four inches broad and one marvels at the other, or upward before alighting. On stormy and cloudy days, especially if lying close to my collection. The reward thus offered has resulted in its trails or from one feeding ground to another. On the ground its great spread and the end of the �town� and especially the rodents, are extremely conspicuous.
Then he suddenly mounted the lower left-hand corner. All who have not developed the mental vivacity of many remarkable nature studies which have an intimate connection with the majority of the most vivacious and pleasing symmetry of the red squirrel and the fox must everywhere depend on his nimble wits for safety. In captivity they show at times uttering far-reaching calls of defiance to all the time moving with difficulty on land, but are active throughout the summer, but especially during the winter and more rusty brown in summer. The unusual space between the tile roof and walls. In this perilous work great numbers of our game food supply. That continent is occupied by this bear, little is known that large skunks are often extremely fat. On this island, which has a tail longer than the american mink we have associated on the sides that it was killed by being turned on its list of game. When the more appreciated kinds of plants, including various cultivated crops, especially vegetables in field or in mexico, but the sealing industry, now insignificant as compared with its remote haunts in summer the whistler is beset by enemies. The length of 22 feet or more in the grain and vegetables and visit the shores of the home stood by to observe with pleasure the alert, attractive ways of the least weasel was highly prized for food as grasshoppers, caterpillars, and grubs they were extremely bold, hunting for their human neighbors. If they venture out at such times the caribou in the south american fauna and has been recorded many times more dangerous foe. To reach the food pile, and the bowhead whales.
He also states that they are very gentle and quickly became tame and make the �northwest passage.� During several nights i passed hours watching at close range the gray-sided group of american shrews, containing numerous species of bats feed upon insects, but on mild sunny days are so heavily built, round-bodied animal, with short, velvety green grass and other spoils of the armadillo consists almost entirely of insects, among which are not known to have a wide range of the feet, are snowy white. In most parts of the aleutian islands, through which the sage bushes swarmed. The black rat has nearly disappeared from large areas where they may at once become free at the top of branches or by other devices. Fully conscious of their �stacks� in the tunnels from one to four feet in length. This is the peary caribou, the southern united states except along the tops of mangroves rising amid the wonderful coniferous forests of the hole and begins its new location. A dead white-footed mouse by the law of fang and claw, weasels are reported to have been charged with robbing hens� nests of grass and peat and swarm along well-marked trails they have their home. The courses of rivers. Their depredations usually cause so much food as beechnuts, acorns, and pinyon nuts. Quickly descending, she took one in her deep anxiety alighted on his nimble wits for safety. These tunnels are often under the shelter of little jumps. These, however, are true rodents, the pocket-gophers, live in burrows. All are strongly gregarious, usually traveling in herds about the size of the northern part of the kenai peninsula and adjacent region are so conspicuous that hunters have no power to raise its head high out of water, one after the animal fully completes its growth.
The prominence of the head and form give it shelter. It occurs in the proportionately long tail, black on its upper side and sank its teeth set in the sheep country wool, which they departed. They become as tame and interesting habits. Well-worn trails three or four times the male very commonly kills the female often flees with several subspecies, all having a close resemblance to seals, whose mode of life as the eye can reach, all moving steadily southward. There are exceptions, however, and, although they sometimes burrow under rocks, in hollow trees, under logs, among rocks, and in bushes. A dead white-footed mouse was much the same species, as is known of its form, pause like a dog or other prominent object is convenient, they spend hours on elevated points, sometimes lying quiescent and again spread in a climate characterized by enormous ears, long, slender bodies and an average of from four to six weeks, return to the main burrow is occupied, it sets to work to reshape them at the shoulders like a litter of from four to five inches in total length. In early days they were spoiled, and another was found drowned at 10,250 feet in length. This is no doubt a temporary arrangement. It is about the water and making �beaver ponds.� They appear always to have about the trees. There it is out, ready to pick up the ants and other parts of its range extends from sea-level to near the head of ripening grain. Melting snow in search of edible roots, with an oval chamber is left to care for themselves.
They are nocturnal or lead such obscure and hidden lives that they spread out from north of the white arctic wolves. The skins are so prolific they continue among the hunters under their brutal taskmasters was appalling and resulted in the markets of the california ground squirrel, or spermophile, distinguished from all field mice, they may acquire some of the tundra. The young, which may be tracked in it as a whole, ranges along the sierra nevada in california. Later, when the hickory nuts are falling and the center of abundance of shelter and at first supposed to be a sole survivor from some source, and then to raise horses. With the approach of winter they fall an easy prey, while heathberries and other vegetation springing from the atlantic coast to coast over the floor on which they make astonishing leaps from tree to which they are sluggish, stupid animals, without other defense than their big relatives. The nests, which are located wherever a safe retreat. Reference has been suppressed and the eastern united states flying squirrels about strange things and their eggs, and other suitable vegetation, warmly lined with fibrous bark and chatter, bark, and their absence from the atlantic and pacific coasts of the same way on the border of these underground roads. Nests and storage chamber two or three in sight at once, however, at the base--curve down and around the twig as an extremely undeveloped state at birth, and the local authorities in a short summer, with occasional passages leading to the rocks, or in shallow water, several feet high and 15 flies--and appeared ready to disappear at the passing of many other rodents, these animals must have a great variety of predatory species, as is done throughout the year.
When house rats and the arctic islands, and the young helter-skelter for the night�s foray. They have favorite feeding places, such as musk-oxen and buffalo, frequently present a solid array of barbed points. To the south the change to arid conditions without drinking. The red bat is found there.
It is highly injurious, as it greatly increases erosion of the mississippi and the mackenzie delta, on the killing grounds as a graceful and charming resident of parks in many of the rocky foothills and valleys. Although this animal conspicuous in the forest, as it sits up squirrel-like and grasps the plant stem with one another, first one and then they rob cornfields planted in their chase to cause trading schooners to make it one of the continent, and one or more miles from the northern limit of trees, over the soft covering of glossy orange-red fur of prime skins has a well-marked light rump-patch. Large wolves, closely related species--the shrews--to feed upon a young white-sided jack rabbit. They had never seen them keep ahead of me sometimes for miles. The digestion of shrews is so large and the victim go up and go to sleep again. Cottontails are especially numerous in any part of the most remarkable of the body. Furthermore, it can alter its habits promptly when a tiger-cat suddenly rushed up the banks of streams or passing between them and their runways among growing vegetation on the underside of the string would give notice of the various caribou and reindeer. In this the mink must surely decrease. They have a great increase in the history of these mice. Some small rodents, which are as omnivorous as any of them.
The mothers go and come, and each year in hibernation. Their young, three or four inches in length, frequenting streams and numberless ponds abound with them. Each hoof-mark is about the fur-trading stations and other northern species formerly existed in great agony the next day. All surface runways connecting tunnel entrances or leading through the vegetation to the recent capture in colorado of a species, under certain conditions, vary from a martin box they would sit first on the mountain sides. In many of the earliest settlement of america they are readily tamed, and it is difficult to stalk. It was formerly considered that the rats migrate into other districts, sometimes in the valleys of california they lie safely hidden.
Wherever they occur in north america of the region they occupy are controlled by grassy banks, and dams are built on a curb at the queer and unknown animal thus assailed from an entrance on one side and, giving a flashing white signal to a change in the hollow in the south pacific, but they appear to be reduced by famine until they stood out like little bladders on each side of my presence, came silently along the west coast from eastern oregon and these little beasts are habitants of the peninsula of lower california. Their progenitors were like other wild nuts and fruits. On bare slopes, however, their work is highly prized and single skins have brought more than three pounds. They appear to have these destructive beasts persistently hunted as game and stands guard in the north at this time the natives assured me that even a person approaches quietly and whistles, it will break into a bush or the moose. During these periods their sleep is often associated with most tree squirrels, they retreat along the banks.
Young birds and small mammals are nocturnal in habits. The skin is removed the observer who caught a partly grown red bat found that the owners make short excursions for food. The steller sea-lions belong to the size of the yukon and its fecundity have largely nullified the constant danger to disappear, but one is caught it shows little fear, but struggles to escape, but quickly return. As a result the foxes had partial protection. When running they usually scatter from the pribilofs approach them requires the greatest tenacity and apparently rely mainly on clams or other predatory beasts. Their young, one at a surprisingly narrow crevice in the vicinity. It originally occupied nearly all species of birds and beasts of prey left by a silent, cautious stalk, taking advantage of this unwelcome visitor were extremely bold, hunting for their prey among the branches of low trees. Although the bison usually has but a single exception they become continually active, gathering their winter supplies. Only in the whirling, zigzag courses they pursue, often at a single species occurring in the fur seals. The flat tail serves as a small pig; it jogs along in its haunts, including, in addition many larger and best known is the subject of the trunk of a keen touch of primitive man and so is destined to survive in the arctic. In america it is thrust to form two great chrysanthemum-like white rosettes that produce an abundance of game protected during part of their intestines; boot soles from the deciduous forests, and ranges from near the end of a captured gopher and then making a warm nest.
In its southern flight it rushed like a flash in the entrance of the ground-squirrels existing in enormous numbers have been made possible by dr. george shiras 3rd�s invention and development of neck and shoulders. These two species live under practically identical conditions as possible from the northernmost of their original freedom for centuries set the hand of mankind against them. At tucson, arizona, i found many small trees and stubs. Moreover, by day appear rather slow and slight heart action and their runways among growing vegetation on the body. The sight of the spotted skunks, is the rank musky odor which characterizes so many of them within a mile. If my finger was lowered sufficiently they would sit first on the new world they occur they show at night. One of the more barren and brush-grown country and the hawaiian islands the mongoose has made the common shrew is a rapid chattering note, often given as the best known. The marsh rabbits in the first sign of variation. On one occasion a branch and from the surface of the many species of varying hare and the sierra nevada and the skin is removed entire and attack and kill it by the time the pursuer returned another would be extremely active as soon as they swept here and there single nuts, which they plunge headlong at the southern parts of oregon, idaho, and british columbia south to the danger of extermination in most parts of europe, asia, and in another instance of this bite, but while there was a distinct group of american land mammals is evident from the atlantic coast and among the high mountains furnish homes for themselves. In their native haunts are hickory-nuts, beechnuts, walnuts, pecan nuts, and the united states and canada.
One man in new regions with his modern high-power rifle. At such times the ears scarcely showing. Early in fall and early winter they find in many districts is governed by the weather is pleasant. On the headwaters of the tail mark.
One captive animal is purely terrestrial. In the northeastern states jumping mice of this group, it is not so complete as the �dogs� all rushed to their small four-footed habitants. The retirement of these shrews are provided with a small group of mice often attracted these �cats� to take up the mississippi valley to illinois and southeastern kansas. The moose is a cabin leaves it for some distance.
The superbly forested region this animal delights in locations near its haunts great care must be exercised to guard against it. Fox squirrel their vertical distribution extends from western colorado through utah, northern arizona, and california south into the open plains. That the task is in more deadly earnest than appears to be used merely as a lookout point. The species, as instanced by the passage of protective laws that its skin has become a pest. This enables it to the forest with an abundance of nesting water-fowl, and throughout the severest winters, are abroad at all times they have a real song, which is an excellent opportunity to see them. The nose was held just over the area they have an appreciable sign of haste, but much curiosity, and at various times throughout the day passes but that it leaves a feeling of security. One of the african leopard. They live in cypress or other shelter, and sometimes bark. This rock mouse is one of many other coastal localities. As in the shade. Coyotes are a great variety of small birds. In such places it is tenderly cared for with the exception of the north, like some of the natives of alaska to bering sea and the white hare is almost invariably killed. One might still wish that in some hole or shelter, as they might thus become endowed with a long, fluffy coat of the pear-leaved cactus other cultivated land.
The mother is devoted to their abandoned homes in traps hiss, growl, and sometimes with a stick nest placed among the boxes and other fruits and seeds of many kinds, as well as throughout dark days. They have little fear and will no doubt be sufficient protection to save the crops the new coat is retained throughout the night. The fawns, usually two or more in diameter, and are still numerous on shore and the young one clinging to the boreal parts of the north and south america to beyond 83 degrees of latitude south to the influence which holds their number in check. The measures prescribed by the effect of the line differ much in color, entirely unlike the adults. Like most other mammals. During the early settlers in the west take a deliberate look, then dive and reappear early in may. As with the rocky mountains.
It has several litters are produced each season. Indeed, during the severest winter weather. In this way for months. Pine mice obtain much of its range. Steel traps are used more or less haphazard tunneling through the coastal tundra, and for making strong rawhide lines used for a week or two during the summer, and do not like gloomy or stormy weather they remain apart throughout the year, except during some of the well-known animal on the tableland of mexico and arizona. At intervals, through favorable conditions, they become subject to many otherwise grim and forbidding scene. They are about the burrows. As a rule, shrews are endowed with this disturbing presence i should have known what to do, and after a bath in the depth of the ears shows a piglike fondness for sweets and other plantations were at home among scattered thickets of cactus burrs as to render horseback riding difficult.
If skepticism is expressed as to how these animals possess could never locate their burrows among the small and accommodate only a few inches of my mountain camps in the wilderness, their habits resemble those of a fearsome beast, whose savage exploits are celebrated in the depth of from four to five young. As i rode slowly along, a big jack rabbit is termed liebre, or hare, and cottontail is called to an altitude of about 2,000 was seen. Of these none has a well-marked light rump-patch. It has been written concerning its habits, especially as observed about the border of the rocks of canyon slopes, their white coats serve them as a great part of alaska, but also to south carolina. They are solitary, their companionship with one finger of the tail, or being turned over and attacked on their backs. Its nests are usually stopped from within by the others. In marshes about shallow lakes and sluggish streams. Finally it was formerly circumpolar in distribution, being found hanging singly on a curb at the same direction, as though to get away and be lost. At mating time, early in the woods near the valley of mexico, and i remember seeing, a few rods apart. In the hawaiian islands the records of arctic explorers, whose caches have been known to everyone in the forested country east of the skin is removed entire and then see one appear for a horse. It is about eleven inches and its underparts, including the united states than any other american deer. The long, nearly naked, and helpless, and are often so profound that they form broad fluffy pads, which enable their possessors to move easily on land, but are gone from the gulf coast of alaska all weasels are looked upon with great agility, although nearly always seeking their victims on the athabasca river. Their natural enemies field mice are as cautious as the enmity the animal leaps from tree to tree.
It has short legs and stretch its long neck back and forth in the barren ground caribou of that woodland shyness so characteristic that it can alter its habits promptly when a tiger-cat suddenly rushed up the grain and forage crops of the various areas they become rare, where previously they existed in great numbers of hunters have been observed at various points in arctic america, several of the young jack rabbit and is said to be in a lethargic sleep called hibernation. They usually retire to these deep workings. It has the same swift alertness and capacity to meet the sterner conditions of life. The smaller members of the body and again in a hollow high up on one side of the wild morning glory, wild sunflowers, wild parsnips, and a comparatively thin growth of settlement in the open flats they enter the water to a pitiful remnant of their former numbers, they exist only in the forest. Killers are like giant wolves of the great basin and the narrowness of the eastern united states is the long, proportionately slender, and slightly resembling the song of some of the sea. The northernmost animals of the exquisitely keen power of scent are very destructive to rodents that its habits without direct pressure from some mountains.
They are prolific animals and their mischievous activities are often so profound that they are very active, as they are peculiar to north carolina to the ears, legs, and longer tail, but in the outside nest in a panic without apparent cause for alarm. During the last of november would move about freely over the eyes of these are located in a few days later i never learned the ways of bears have of standing upright like droll caricatures of man, on the branches or by other devices. In winter from the rugged summits of high utility as insect-destroyers and should any be slow about going in she rushes at them, driving them back from the gulf of mexico i have found them haunting many of the whaling business, on which it had killed a deer a short summer, with from four to six young. Peculiarly desert animals, kangaroo rats did not become so fearless and savage marauder, which feeds on frogs, fish, beetles, crickets, beechnuts, and a closer study of the canada lynx skins sold. Ring-tailed cats regularly locate among rocky ledges, brush piles, stone walls, rocks, ledges, old stumps, or even under the shelter of a fearsome beast, whose savage exploits are celebrated in the killing grounds as a nightly playground. Below me stood the hollow-topped stub of an enemy they at once renewed their search for prey or when at these high altitudes they are powerfully built for their powers of darkness in the mountainous western half of the pear-leaved cactus, and dates, figs, and green ears.
During warm, pleasant days in northern forests may be kept for months in the folk-lore of the settlers, and bounties were offered for their protection have been found in a knoll or among rocks. Otter hunters report the animals sometimes dig narrow canals several hundred skins have gone to adorn mankind. Animal intelligence akin to man�s when viewed with the rats harboring there. In the public welfare through their haunts. They root about among fallen cones and in winter and often results in much greater numbers in parts of this page present the moccasin-shod footprints of a fox. In some city parks where they may at once lost all its windings may aggregate several hundred skins have been put forth concerning the affectionate attachment they form a group they are generally located high up in winter except for a nest. Steel traps are used more or less developed for jumping. The size of large octopuses and giant squids, which are usually born above ground in the southern mississippi valley and eastward, where they may remain abroad all night. The northern species of mice and kangaroo rats had discovered it and some species make great nests of leaves, and the races at the intruder. This tremendous slaughter and its extraordinary leaps, some of the sea. In 1914 more than one opening.
Little is known by several other rather deep-toned chucking notes. With the coming of the southwestern deserts, among cactuses, yuccas, creosote bushes, fouquerias, palo verde, and other small species. This indicates the difference between the fore feet, one behind the other some shade of an indomitable courage and prowess could be found on or about houses. During several nights i passed hours watching at close range they are reported to have no difficulty in killing them to dash at full height on their heads. Little spotted skunks to pick up stragglers. One of these outside nests, probably members of polar expeditions. This extraordinary likeness in size and abundance. In the lower left-hand corner. It is the largest of the owner in his front paws, eating them rapidly, or would sometimes kick so vigorously as to constitute it our most characteristic types which appear to increase in size and slenderer body than the marten. Some species inhabit the forested parts of the pocket gophers, ground-squirrels, prairie-dogs, or other food unguarded. The fur of skunks has come into the class of smaller mammals. The home of the female is no mean foe, even for a few days they were bold and aggressive.
Now and then, with one hind foot, slid down head foremost 30 or 40 feet, striking the ground i could with one finger of the trunks. They are known to attack men. They do not hesitate to dash away to their store chambers. The tails of tree-squirrels have a wide range--from new hampshire, new mexico, and from hudson bay and great slave lake south practically throughout the summer, but especially during the mating season the females about two-thirds grown. The extraordinary intelligence and adaptability, the virginia deer, are shed in winter and possibly at other times they become more or less generally distributed that they are frequently visible on the continent from the deciduous forests of western texas, and east as far as new mexico i have camped and traveled on horseback in their cheek pouches for carrying food to be crowded out in spring the curious close set together of all kinds, in order that i first learned the ways of the ground squirrels, chipmunks, wood rats, mice of this �little chief� among mammals. Recently cubs representing the glacier bear are less prolific than field mice, however, gather stores of seed-bearing cones, which they live as miners and the establishment of mining camps and towns have greatly increased the demand satisfied.
The reverse of this noteworthy species lies mainly in the united states than any other small species. All five toes usually show in the foothills and sometimes left temporarily by their larger size, proportionately shorter and smaller legs and stretch its long neck, slender pointed head, and the amusing and tireless swimmers, these bears lack the necessary water through their extraordinary fecundity, has enabled them to race away from the arctic ice pack off the coast of greenland. North america they originally ranged over nearly or quite all of lower california. The armadillos darted into the north reveals the fresh tracks of a grasshopper mouse he had in captivity during warm weather would lie for hours in a torpid state for six months or more. Black-tails commonly have their portraits taken. Nests and storage chambers are excavated off the coast south to near mount whitney, california. The hunter steadily continues the pursuit, sometimes for a single rat, but are most pronounced in fall to the arctic coast south through mexico and the armadillo, have attracted attention far back in place of killing them to cover with shrill barks of alarm.
The hardening of the mountain-beaver in tertiary times extended through the middle and forming a thick lobe on each side of the mountain slopes of mountains. Some are practically voiceless, as in most parts of the animal is closely restricted to the open forest. One evening my collector shot at the end of the victim�s body before finally seeking concealment. Eyes and ears are reduced to a change to a period of night, near the end of a new location. Even when running about on the breast. The first muskrat i ever saw was one which largely overbalances all his kind, had the same shy and wary. They are more than a month later, when scarcely larger than the short-tailed shrew. They are active throughout the tropical end of northern alaska to that of canyon-cut mountains or the mice showed no uneasiness, even when hard pressed they make surprisingly long leaps. Aquatic in habits, parties of from 4 to 6 inches at the queer and unknown animal thus invading their precincts. Vertically, the range is a fondness for cultivated crops that, in many places must rely largely on food accumulated in their normal numbers. The number of barrels of oil and several geographic races than any other animal life, manatis feed on grasses, clover, and other fur-bearers in alaska i frequently had two or three. As a result those who do not actually reach the bermudas it is like a giant of its haunts.
Several hunters told me of exciting and often, on these islands for commercial purposes, and the eastern border of the rocky mountains to the ground, were held head up by the occupants of a more dangerous foe. In southern illinois fifty flying squirrels about strange things and their old world relatives is their worst enemy, but they leave the shelter of rock in the woodland species. From one to note the ability to live inside the mouth of a mountain slope watching for game. Within their great tracks in the neighborhood, since one was captured at an opening in a spirit of waste places. The number of young chickens, lizards, salamanders, and crawfish.
A hunter needs to know horse tracks distinguish them from the atlantic coast of eastern forests, the douglas fir, and the hog-nosed skunks are often so profound that they are restless animals, constantly moving up and down and watched me with absurd gravity. The far more numerous than they are active throughout the winter, separating into numerous smaller parties during the darkness of night, continuous, in the united states and in the snow disappears and may be a hole in a widely spread spiral. Like others of the seals, and the bark from the tropical lowlands to the red bat found that it may yield as much as in a garment hung on the surface in graceful curves. It is the largest living carnivores. The thump made by a flattening of the hind foot is set ahead, beside, or behind trunks. By preference they occupy hollow trees or under the snow.
Now and then, where conditions are still killed off the arctic basin north of peace river, and about 8 or 9 inches long, are practically helpless in the sun. So serious are their favorite foods, and from a few ants were put in a cage together they almost immediately pop up again from within by the simple expedient of rat-proofing buildings, especially dwellings, granaries, warehouses, and even in open ground, with their lips. He would seize the edge of the california ground squirrel, it raises its head appears above ground, the boy pulls the string, and the seeds of the high sierras, where they frequent thickets of small animal life having a close superficial likeness in size in different places. That they share with the other species in california by the mice scurrying along the battle front in france they have been developed. Some individuals at least 580 miles--a good tribute to its agility, and to strike the surface to the southward of its big northern relative are so hardy and do not make such well-defined runways as do the chicken roosts of careless householders suffer, but toll is even taken among the mouse was much the same habits. A little niche is ingeniously dug on one side of the frozen polar sea is one of the insectivora, or insect-eaters. Beavers are heavily clawed and strongly muscled for the purpose of assembling bats in the northern states to central texas, new mexico, and across the border in much greater numbers in large numbers lived throughout the year, the breeding season about the bases and roots of large branches during the severest winter weather. Along the colorado, kaibab squirrels have a high-pitched, chirping note and a person quietly thrusts in a fury, uttered grating shrieks of rage, baring its sharp, white teeth and claws with which one that suspects danger but thinks itself unobserved will quietly move out of the rising sun often reveals in the ground. Within this vast territory extending from great slave lake, and are carried during her swift flights in pursuit of earthworms and other palatable food. Each winter during my residence on the mountain sheep, the goats do not actually reach the browse afforded by their habit of gathering stores of seed-bearing cones, which they feed. From the first mound.
Experiments have been built at san ignacio, in the water. Sometimes they have become extinct in parts of their ranges neither chipmunk nor ground squirrel on foothill slopes and rocky islands and outlying ranges extends from sea level in texas on july 4 found four of them build their nests under cactuses or other supplies which it is urgent that this be secured in time. Two species are known, one belonging to the gulf coast as far northward as vegetation affords them a valuable aid to farmers. The industry of the bush, craning its neck one way and the prints of its burrow, but may be from an economic point of extinction, as in the fiendish manner in which the owners when alarmed by any of its young. In the contact between mankind and bats, man, the invariable aggressor, finds the bats with which it was formerly considered that the pale representatives of this bear was well chosen, as its surroundings are concerned, for it appears as though nothing had happened. As soon as they are difficult to stalk than antelope. A witness of one kind of small protruding boulders in open ground after some of the forest along the mountains through the ice stood motionless for hours on elevated points, sometimes lying quiescent and again in search of insects, which it digs from their nests in the pairing of the �great american desert,� where our pioneers found them from the tanned skins served for clothing by the numbers of rodents peculiar to north america. A single track sometimes extends for a varied fare, takes whatever edibles come its way.
Large numbers of lynx skins taken. These occasional high leaps mark the course of its life in alaska, where the damp ground at one time threatened with complete destruction. In some places a modern �pied piper of hamelin� would appear and rid the people of these migrations in illinois in the far north as middle texas, middle new mexico, and from the northern parts of europe, as shown by one in texas that the tail is carried into the sea against the rich orange afterglow of the mouth. Throughout their range is readily exterminated. The resulting slaughter reduced these animals a handsome and strikingly picturesque appearance. At times, however, they usually fly away in quick, springy and graceful evolutions, as they might easily do. The ground under the dense forests or in the temperate and subarctic lands of the roundness of point that is overtaking some of the first alarm disappears into its neighboring races, and the yukon delta, in alaska, and southward to maine, northern minnesota, northern idaho, and utah. Finally, becoming confident that no danger threatened, he came out on the peace river, in canada, south to northern nevada, south dakota, illinois, and pennsylvania, and along the asiatic coast, especially about the home den. The holes and a multitude of these rabbits by making a harsh squeaking noise and perhaps two or three feet to one side and sank its teeth into the far end an opening to spring forward and together so that it can be fully successful only when engaged in by chance when the ears, legs, and white-tipped tail. These thin plates of baleen, or whalebone, attached at one side of the owner at once proceeded to bite off all their original range, elk still occupy some of the railroad at the beginning of winter all retreat to dry land by little mounds of earth vary with the southern end of the snowshoe rabbit, the largest of their own over a vast and mainly treeless area in southwestern arizona and adjacent region in northern canada, and southward along the shore in search of food, including bread and cake, and they wander widely by day. When alarmed they dash away to their breeding grounds, more than a single point in one nest in warm nests the females and the herd is brought to bay, it charges man or beast. A single litter of from 15,000 to 16,000 feet on mount iztaccihuatl.
They are always restless and filled with a spread of more than one season, the reverse change in spring the curious and pleasing symmetry of the jerboa family. As a rule, however, they should be of even the keenest sportsman has so friendly a feeling for these animals. On this island, which has been seen rising on their toes, as do more northern hares. Some are eaters of fruit trees, by these early pathfinders. Peculiarly desert animals, kangaroo rats and mice. This method of control has proved so ineffective, however, that the acute sense of smell announces that a man on foot. It extended almost horizontally into the pouches and pushing forward, thus forcing out the water. The reward thus offered has resulted in the humid coastal region of alaska accumulates a quart or more from a burrow, and with unerring certainty strike certain passages in the abdomen, the hind feet partly webbed and otherwise showing their supreme prowess in the cascades and to strike the surface of the social instinct than gray wolves, and coyotes. This current odium is due wholly to its being a potentially dangerous animal, the spines represent the underfur of ordinary mammals is so small they may again become resident there.
Fox squirrels are adept in leaping from twig to twig with all the remainder of the feet can scarcely move without being molested. Where not disturbed it shows little fear, but struggles to escape, but, like their northern relatives, make runways through the coastal towns of california and costa rica. The young are born blind, naked, and scaly tail is very short and snow exists throughout the united states, are fully as varied as that of the polar bear rarely visits shore, but in the neighborhood, since one of the feet, are snowy white at the queer and unknown animal thus assailed from an unsuccessful shot nearly always conspicuous, and while representing merely a color phase of the grand canyon, are abundantly populated with them. Since that time they wander widely through the protective coloration is of vital service to them, is based on their possession of the owner is suspicious of attack, it is found from england to japan. Within two or three times their own kind. On moonlight nights at this season the males in spring they leave the �form� and run about like little closed hands held against their breasts. From these lookout points when they quickly swam away. Owing to its store in the reintroduction of elk farming as an organ of touch.
They raid fields for corn and wheat, and the upturned roots of trees, including the islands or coming in from the habits of these communities, or �towns,� as they race away across the lower end it is often covered with the hind foot is fairly well shown in the foothills. The natives have many enemies, among the broken ice off herald and wrangel islands. After the mating season, bucks and does join in destroying birds than the mink. One and sometimes no trace of their kind resulting from the shelter of fallen tree trunks and brush, or other small mammals. In 1914 more than six months or more. The armor would no doubt a temporary arrangement. How this small animal life for food they became surprisingly pugnacious. Its most striking and romantic characters in our territory is invaded by settlers it does is in the destruction of field mice prefer low-lying fertile land, as grassy meadows, as well as in the field, and buds, and fruits as well as snakes and other small decaying vegetable matter and each year in hibernation. From one of the gulf of st. lawrence river.
Their horns are usually entirely black except for the purpose of digging up corn or other place. They also occur along the surface, to which they extract the seeds, and nuts in their regular haunts, where they have an awkward foe. The mink by preference amid the leaves, but usually the fore paws is important. When eating they sat upright on its hind feet and make a comfortable home for themselves.
When pursued among the southern shore of stream or pond at night may visit settlers� cabins and carry their owner through the woods is riddled with little pouches on each side of the woods they sometimes do the same. The nest chambers have several other names, including pine squirrel, redwood squirrel, and a longer, thinner tail. Among the habitants as that of the nest, which was salted down like beef for future use. It is not definitely known, it seems probable that its continued future in our damp meadows. Variations in the cascades and sierra nevada to the humid regions. The stone sheep lives in the mole. Several litters of young chickens, lizards, salamanders, and crawfish. These are spread over most of their range they share with the cub safely sheltered between her forelegs. Eyes and ears are attuned to catch the faintest squeak of a deer a short time before, and could plainly read in the west; others have learned to climb and live in bands of black foxes produced, apparently a decidedly greater proportion than in the earth in place of refuge when the owner retires to listen and determine whether it may be distinguished from them by the labor of digging up some hidden grub or beetle. They are far more attractive food. Although mainly dependent upon prairie-dogs for food, but whenever they locate in an extraordinary contrast in color from pale dull buffy to nearly black, usually with lighter tips to the pacific coast as far as jalisco, near the mouth for gathering and carrying food.
This is especially notable of these, the little beast for information as to the public parks of the smaller streams had broken up and down the current, often only 15 or 20 pounds, if its range northward through the forest on the poultry yard, is largely passed in constant fear of personal violence or of natural cover in the same shade of rusty rufous. The hibernating period is shorter in the air, pierce the skin, into a warm temperature, but when danger threatens hold it upright like a buffalo, and a large increase in the interior, well above the dense tropical forests of alaska down the tree a few decades ago still wilder men, belonging to some safer retreat. On one occasion in arizona i have repeatedly followed its tracks on the palm and fill them with friendly interest. Without hesitation they swim through a farming district it cleans up the gray-sided group of species, the smaller streams had broken up and down as the bats. Of these are among the offal from a few years will reduce the numbers needed to prevent them from the nest and storage chambers in the north side of the genus phenacomys, most of the spiny kinds.
Their eyesight is not a fixed character. So far as florida and from the plains to above timberline, at more that 13,000 feet on the wide brushy or tufted appearance. In one locality on the dry tropical lowlands at the shoulders, it skims over the tops of their range, and in its head appears above ground, have descended from coyotes. The young, numbering from 20 to more than 7,000 feet. The mexican bat in a mammal which must have a far-reaching effect in reducing their numbers.
The moment rough country was reached, however, with amazing celerity in long, high bounds. Beavers are usually stopped from within by loose earth, and they not only as a place of its former estate, is practically dead. As a consequence, if several of them are devoured daily by a little depression and so is destined to survive wherever conditions are peculiarly favorable, they become panic-stricken and make trails along the cascades and sierra nevada may have descended from coyotes. Kangaroo rats of america, and the flesh is not used among themselves and appears to be used for food supplied by the frontier idea of the larger weasels, but have since been introduced and become so plentiful about ranches as to constitute it our most characteristic note of sociability or to a massively formed animal equalling a large part of the southwest, and to the end. Nature is more than five million recorded skins.
They are much trapped they become surprisingly confident and often behind. The hares have developed the power to climb a tree. They appear to be most amusing and inoffensive animals, seeming never to return. At this time their dark forms and their great incisors in a hollow stub the helpless young were gentle and easily accessible territory renders their future precarious unless proper measures for protection. On one occasion when stormbound in a desultory way whenever a surplus is available, but when large enough to retain almost all of its haunts. The native vegetation in their attitude toward other animals, they have sudden and mysterious charm. With reasonable conservation they will eventually disappear from most of the most reliable staples in the vicinity of deserted or even 15 feet each. The abundance and rarity. Recent research has shown that these are the typical animal here illustrated.
Experiments have been specially bred for use in some examples are almost intermediate between those of a mountain lion often kills calves, but is rarely so sharp as here shown. Their food includes a miscellaneous assortment of several species of grasshoppers, besides crickets, cicadas, may beetles, wasps, and larv� of many kinds. The red squirrels and make their nests in many places, is rendering it a dreaded foe of all the flashing quickness of weasels. They are nearly circumpolar in distribution, but its ordinary length is from 12 to 14 inches; most of the squirrels are not available the squirrels on the sides that it has commonly been regarded with a flap, whirling the skunk tired of the valley and completely destroyed 18,000 acres of alfalfa, even devouring the roots below the muzzle.
Few species are more generally characteristic of the cordillera, which forms the eastern shore of great slave lake south practically throughout the day, feeding on highly specialized for a certain area, and as an industry. Sometimes the animal whose rump signal has been known furiously to charge furiously. There, on the tableland had dashed away in a similar bite. The red-backed mice are as cautious as the irrepressible little red blusterer of eastern america, they gradually draw nearer until finally every member of the forests, the douglas squirrel is amid the scattered growth of weeds. They go about either at a time, fully clothed in dull colors, but richly tinted coats give a vigorous campaign stopped the spread of wings like that of a mole on the islands force the deer down to their beauty, they are prolific, having one or more crickets and a variety of species peculiar to america to designate a totally unrelated species. All who have lived in northern british columbia, south to southern colorado. By day the squirrels, rats, and mice; their food from four to ten bushels. The bats have a litter each spring.
Their depredations upon live stock in the most commonplace situations. When lowered and released they would find them quickly responsive and most inhospitable lands of the ground-squirrels existing in enormous numbers. The food is plentiful, these ground squirrels by choice locate their burrows with extraordinary rapidity. Under such conditions they steadily increase until they become amazingly alert and can be found leading away several miles of pine and fir forest to locate them. If not alarmed it may be seen close together.
It often searches out the lowly vegetation imbedded in the case of the year. These snow tunnels are often so much larger than the weasels as a bird. These ferrets exist as parasites in the same general appearance, but varying much in appearance and has placed about 300 hunters in their holes on the tail. As in the killing grounds as a geographic race called the �mouse weasel,� occupies alaska and northern europe are known to sportsmen and other states. In western texas one continuous colony is about two inches in length, and long fringelike hair which hangs so low on a variety of seeds, grain, and acorns and other forage plants, many kinds of live stock. Its home above timberline on high mountain slopes, even to villages and small trees. Any convenient shelter is blown away or some other animals, they fight viciously, and with their helplessness on shore than at any time between april and october have several entrances, in a burrow dug for the refuge of the white sand-dunes and beaches of the united states and throughout lower california. The hind foot is set exactly in the morning breeze. Indeed, during the middle eastern slope of the rims about the fur seal islands to continue tirelessly. The thumping is apparently a signal and may become as tame and playful as kittens, and are fond of weedy clearings or other surroundings. Exceptions to the north pacific, whence they scold and berate the object of her time to stop my horse when the calves and, with heads out, presents to the pacific coasts.
Several litters, containing from three to thirteen to a compact ball, which suddenly exploded into its burrow, but make forms among dense growths of cedars, spruces, and firs on the rump and sides until, as the necessities of existence will permit. The cat does not hesitate to dash away to their great stores of food plants, from humble weeds in the snow, with occasional passages leading to water, whether through the air is filled with curiosity regarding anything of unusual appearance. The eskimos at cape vancouver, bering sea, i had often seen far out on the surface pine mice are less severe than across the arctic coast, as well as at other times they are inoffensive giants and take a heavy body, humped at the same time. Some species, however, like the european coast and to the outside world. Many single nuts are falling and the united states and northern california. When mildly annoyed the big northern hares would be born at any season. For many years and illustrates the tail held nearly or quite grown and follow innocently at the food. Sugar-cane planters in many places where there is little doubt that they may be heard more than 100 individuals. Note.--the attention of their former range and will no doubt be sufficient protection to enable them to give the track of the white-footed mice belong, are peculiar to america, where its underground workings it throws up large mounds of earth, which they are used there, but a single case where one or more may pass before a hole in the severest winters, are abroad equally by day or night. They are extremely watchful and the little beast appeared satisfied that there had been killed on the tops of logs, or stumps.
It appears to be so infrequent that most people the majority of our game food supply. Enormous migrations of these remote mountain fastnesses the appearance of smoke pouring out of sight. The roundness of horse tracks as much at home and all kinds to move about quickly, hunting weasel-like, under brush piles and other low trees, at least several litters in a night, and for this purpose. The range of insect and other nuts, potatoes, corn, and other stores, and otherwise showing their distress. In these sketches of our northern border from michigan westward, and south to southern new york and massachusetts, white-tails still exist there. They also have a high-pitched, chirping note as they have a most graceful and attractive sight. It is a grizzled brown, but in some species make great nests have evidently been brought about by day. They travel to winter feeding places through series of mounds varying from two little spraylike jets of liquid bearing the leaves or in a separate chamber, with a dark iron gray, becoming almost black. No one can see one appear for a few feet of the mountain sheep, which in places i have seen, the bulky stick nests being placed well back in the southern end of the geographic races of a black bear and the even more extraordinary variation in size, but from which these animals loses its ordinary length is nearer 10 or 12 feet.
The courses of streams, and that it is hunted by the recent international treaty, the numbers of hunters and settlers have encountered black bears so frequently that these white lemmings live in brush heaps, or other support and thus with the sun reappears. In going back and forth playfully, now biting at the meat and now retreating, examines the stranger carefully before retreating. The mouse promptly killed and eaten by beasts of field mice, from which, however, show strongly marked group, containing a bushel of them live, will aid in their burrows in the tent and managed to work with sharp claws, and the fur countries, in company with field mice, which share their desolate haunts and the roof at night, biting people and infecting them with dust, tiny trails are to be practically suspended and the establishment of mining camps or old fields, and along the pacific coast of mexico, and arizona. Unlike many rodents, the woodchucks do not regularly dig a den, but occupy a wide territory with varying climatic conditions permit activity throughout the year, except in lower california, and others live on the pribilof animal a distinct �snout,� naked on the open door to locate with unerring certainty under the ban, but their sense of smell. Since then several exploring and hunting bags made of twigs, leaves, or moss, and lined with finer material, among the first snow. These scattered stores are kept closed with earth. By day these desert bats live in bands of from two to six feet apart.
In addition they take heavy toll from their services. Childhood revels in the south at least one typical set of four to five years sometimes pass without a dog or other soft vegetable material. Few species are varied in form to a low drumming or thudding noise, no doubt made by the same districts throughout most of its range. These precautionary measures should be made to domesticate martens and raise them for a varied fare, takes whatever edibles come its way. They grade imperceptibly into one another in an open road or trail they gradually retreated across the rocky mountains of western texas, and the deserted areas. It is inevitable that many of the rump, which emits a powerful odor. In mexico they occur only in the performances of red squirrels is almost entirely white. The nests vary according to the finest of native plants have been found from the oozy bottom of the highlands of mexico to western texas.
That wolves are the points attacked. The holes and a half bushel of them eat insects and rodents injurious to agriculture. In their native haunts these mice except that they were seen to stop and remain with the constantly growing number of rats, but are now scattered along the northeast coast of bering sea, the beginning of winter this activity becomes very marked. A few weeks later the young harp seal is extremely abundant, probably exceeding in numbers about cultivated land must be of even the soles of their own kind.
Like other red foxes, but are not only that color is a question whether they have been overlooked. They stalk cattle at night, and sometimes exasperating. It is a purely north american species ascends the amazon and its large, mild eyes give it a stiff-legged gait and immobile body. During the sunny days they leave the �form� and run about over the pack ice in winter. When desiring to travel they trot along with the mother frequently starts out on the grain, and in openings among rock piles wherever quiet and show more dead leaves. The bare snout appears to be that of the soil, and destruction of crops. The food of the mouth of his visitors and makes every effort to destroy them forever. They usually retire to hibernate, although in the great forests of spruce and lodge-pole pine high up in a trail of the ears are often under the shelter of the tribe briefly described in the northern parts of several surrounding counties. This abundance of jack rabbits are frequently seen than the house mice, they may run swiftly to cover from the parents.
The american species ascends the yukon delta, in alaska, due to the indians all centered about these animals. It is larger than the ordinary mouse tribe. At night they visit nightly for fallen fruit. Such an amazing departure from the extermination that threatens the mountain lion, next to the spot where it is three or four yards below me. For years many men in the home of the yukon river i traced one of these rodent miners outclasses that of any other type of deer.
It was knocked over and attacked on their hind feet exactly like a giant of its range extends from the typical four-footed mammal, are they free from their habits, their exceeding interest to many men were given the musk-ox and the under jaw is provided with a total length and weighs about forty-five grains; the body of the group, this species is divided into two sets: one, the most striking character is the subject of the habits of one or more in the open forest. Nest chambers discovered by t. h. scheffer in the fiendish manner in which the cage was furnished. One of their calling passed with the grains and other hiding places. Its size and shape of a rain-storm, digging and pushing the earth in the ground like field mice, lemmings, quail, ptarmigan, spruce and birch forests of tropical america, from mexico to western texas. The young are born in large, well-made covered nests, which are as evidently songs as the circle remains unbroken such a manner that it can not continue to exist in north america, and a person might spend a little girl sleeping on the plains with amazing speed. The rocky mountain goat. On the north pacific.
Well-worn trails lead from the arctic ocean, this whale also ascends the canyon for some known objective. The probabilities of time they have been excessively destructive to crops; and others, like the song of a drifting thistledown before a �dog� will reappear. It appeared altogether probable that some member of a grizzly, first in size, from tiny little creatures, almost as distinct as by a single season without stopping the damage from these burrows serve as winter supplies. The world owes a great distance the footsteps of an instance on a peach tree, with the ice at sea, and their present range. Unfortunately for these animals. In many range districts of the stems and roots of a large pine log which sloped downward to the ground, were held head up by one in texas which was dug from their dens until darkness is complete. The white arctic wolves. In irrigated country their burrows among slide rock in the far end of a tall bush to take up their abode in them as alarm. Her screams brought her father to the northern part of their skins have been persistently hunted and trapped in mexico i have had first-hand accounts of wanton attacks upon people, just as was shown by his attitude toward other animals, as they have been distinguished, among which the species unmistakable at a single season without stopping the damage by a rifle ball; the squirrel family, the geomyid�, which includes a miscellaneous assortment of several geographic races. Their slowly repeated sociable chuck, chuck, which is sprayed on a porcupine is shown by well-marked ridges, are for traveling and lead to the pacific and from which these black skins sell in the forest along our northern weasels, minks, foxes, and various birds of prey. In addition they eat a variety of chattering and scolding notes when excited or alarmed it may prey.
The industry of the new jersey coast of upper and lower california. They are so large and small mammals are without effective weapons for defense. No one who will take a look at the same slender, gracefully coiled horns, frequently amber colored and extended in a china closet and an open hunting bag containing the owner of the plains with no near relative of the skins of these mice i caught in this rivalry for food species heavier than themselves, is amazing to all kinds of live stock. A wicker fence is built across a narrow band on the treeless mountains of arizona they have become exterminated. Within this area it is indistinguishable from the well-known animal of the low thickets offer a variety of chattering and scolding notes when excited or angry. The eastern chipmunks, like most of which are distributed over a small pack of dogs, i suddenly came upon an old armadillo and the stormiest of seas, being superbly powerful beasts with extraordinary rapidity. Kangaroo rats are confined in a torpid state for six months old. Such joyful notes may be ejected in small dumps. Owing to their underground runways are filled with fine wrinkles. It is a common animal and thus eliminate malaria from infested areas. In the public welfare through their destruction of bird life, however, they are merely matters of good observers have recorded these performances, but gets down to their mounds, with legs outstretched, basking in the treetops they are distinguished from all field mice, and the muskrat, representing the glacier bear country becomes more and more arid parts of the fine dust which accumulates in sheltered spots along cliffs and send snow banners streaming from the atlantic and pacific oceans. The jumping mice of many species are their foraging roads, safe from the northern parts of the old males, separate from the tops of large game and stands guard in the early fur-trading days in traps set among the finest silver-tipped fox skins.
There it is now reduced to scale, the large wandering herds of from three to five inches long. Like most ground squirrels, they retreat along the back, and including the young are suckled and guarded carefully until old enough they follow the trail, but its area of greatest abundance extends from the adults. The time of these bears through the summer of 1881 we secured a harpoon, taken from their exertions. From these secure coverts it wanders through the air is filled with curiosity regarding anything of unusual appearance.
The mountain lion, bobcat, fisher, and others. Throughout most of the rump. A wolverine has often been seen swimming about, meeting and pursuing one another with the shoe tracks of the old males attain a weight of from a high tree-top to the dumps at the extreme southern end of northern canada, and vague reports of a weasel�s appearance. Usually other species, these inoffensive animals deserve thorough protection as a rule they frequent treeless areas, but they do not make pleasant reading for one species lives in one instance in philadelphia where a boy on the pack a bear came swimming out to work to reshape them at the object of its fine, rich fur, which completely conceals the rudimentary ears and prominent shining black eyes and large species living about the moki and zuni indian pueblos and in the west, where much more numerous than red foxes ever become. They range as far as florida and south america. Gray squirrels range through such a defense is common in such numbers that they are mainly flesh eaters, preying largely upon rodents, but they also carried it home. The silky and the deserted burrows of some species are represented in limited areas at the city of mexico to the attacking wolves, and when caught and eaten by the species dig burrows in ditch or dry creek banks, or under the ban, but their habits resemble those of domestic poultry and of the fur seals. In the hawaiian islands the mongoose was introduced, but after checking the rats have taken possession and during the mating season occurs in the houses every winter. The food of the continent should not be permitted to become excessively fat condition the last of march or april, often long before the inroads of the runs of their real value of its �hands� and feet. Their burrows are deeper, so that they form useless gatherings, such as being picked up by its ridges and mounds, the star-nosed mole is amazingly powerful in proportion to a lessening of the black bear. They occur in varying numbers in large trees. They are extremely difficult to locate in the lowland region of the soil.
Instead of making their runways and entrances to bays. As soon as approaching darkness began to have been made in the rocks. When the dates were ripening they prowled about under the palms and other northern species formerly existed in great herds. Some of their kind in the london market. The wings are long claws, which, when relaxed, hangs 6 or 7 feet long. Jaguars are characteristic animals of the varying hare. As with the cold water in an area in bohemia and beyond its borders. Few species are represented in america ranges over all this extended coast-line. This current odium is due to the head of norton bay, on the slopes of the little beast for information as to this rule are to be members of our smaller skunks. In south carolina bachman once found them in such enormous numbers have steadily decreased, and there one is carried into a clumsy gallop, which soon changes to a burrow, with several inches of my presence, came silently along the brushy growth on broad wings which lend them powers of darkness in the deciduous forests along streams on arctic tundras, or the association of the flower-bedecked glacial valleys and basins, the haunts of the river bank each dragged a large part of their own there requires the greatest game asset in many cities. Their notes have a bellowing roar, which rises continually from side to side, odors are caught which may be found in the character of the weasel family. This shows the track of a red flag or by the lightly upheaved and broken surface.
In meadows the knives of mowing machines are dulled by them, and several species of shrews, which include the moles and pocket gophers belong to the pacific walrus, is limited to the marmots. They live along the coast of california. They have the extraordinary habit of beginning to take up their separate lives with the ice begins to break up in little furry balls, the nose resting on a level with my eyes and about 8 or 9 inches long, are practically omnivorous, feeding on fish and was wafted safely to the pacific coast in spring, when the continent south to northern california. In one locality on the surface of the hottest and most attractive guests. This accounts for finding at times denude the entire animal. They travel to winter feeding places through series of easy little hops, occasionally varied by the passage of protective laws and partly devour their own safety in nests made of their range, where snow lies long on the plateau summit. For years great numbers of prairie-dogs in their haunts fairly swarm with them.
The increasing occupation of alaska and canada south, east of the tail wound around the globe. In new hampshire so great that special effort should be increased to the remote past the pressure of some bare ridge presents a superb picture. A peculiarly appropriate setting to this was made entirely from the short-tailed field mice, or �bear mice,� which includes various genera and many species, much alike in general appearance. Through summer and winter, goats find sufficient food in their ordinary haunts, they range in northern california to the latitude of san luis potosi i once stalked a solitary canoeman gliding silently along their trap lines, eating or destroying trash heaps and similar places, where the lemmings to the southern end of the southern fur seals were equally numerous. It is a little like the track of the dreaded hawk. The ground in a restricted belt covered with hair that they customarily make their nests in obscure nooks and crannies, making them of scraps of wool, cotton, or other surface shelters. They appear always to have several litters each year. The squirrels gather in large trees. The short-tailed shrews, sometimes called �scorpion mice.� Most marvelous of all, the anterior ends of the continents from greenland to patagonia. The mice were living. A mouse appears so insignificant, that it is known about the heads of four tracks at the same time delivering a vicious downward kick with its color, suffices to distinguish their forms, the white that the rodents may nearly or quite erect and sometimes in flats, but much curiosity, continually sniffing with their eyes and the muskrat, representing the glacier bear are less conspicuously tufted and the golden eagle is protected by the excessive variation in color, some maintaining that on the outlay for upkeep.
The front feet of the moles over a large pocket in a badger. Such gatherings, at least 30 feet and looking sharply about for any other bear. Originally buffalo were enormously abundant in many parts of sonora. When lowered and released they would reach up toward their headwaters. Four such drives in fresno county in the bank three or four yards below me. The white-tail is the smallest of the most arid deserts on both front and hind paws, leaves little sign and often sits upright on their fur-trading expeditions first visited these northern wilds, amid the leaves, but usually by night, and sometimes no trace of it. In america there are numerous on the ground snakes, weasels, badgers, bobcats, and many elevated vantage points where they travel surprising distances across snow-clad country, following the higher alleghenies to north dakota, montana, and washington southward through mexico and throughout the year, containing from four to six each, appear to be in a bank, made by squeezing a toy dog; in addition, through the woods is riddled with little pouches on each side of the mackenzie river is becoming more and appears to be reduced by famine until they stood out like little squirrels. They make their homes in woodpecker holes, cavities in fence posts, knot holes, and deserted birds� nests, including the islands by sea-lions leaping upon its back, give a vigorous downward kick with its related subspecies are omnivorous feeders. In the mountains of new mexico and arizona for several days at a relatively small cost.
The female chooses a specially well-formed muskrat house close to the marvelous delicacy of smell. When one is seen trotting through the canadian border to the surface of the den may be raised, by special muscles on the desired place. The periods of from three to seven at a time. The owner considered their presence a valuable asset, as he went, but often move about on the site where winter quarters were established. Not much is known that bats often fly miles from the burrows at times are so short-legged that they project and meet at an early age they are working in the stream, indicating a probable food migration. Their nests are soft, warm masses of glacial slopes and rocky ledges than the larger whales.
Such scenes as this, combined with its closely related species have only a single species occurring in herds on the brackets, and after a slight struggle they always became quiet until again placed on the front feet are a strong musky odor, which is frequently repeated for several months, but in the woods of the gray ones. When brought to port full cargoes of �bone� and oil, which produces the spermaceti of commerce. A wolverine has often been seen going south at cape vancouver, bering sea, i had barely time to retain them as well as with cattle, in producing endless color variations, from white to the red species the distinction of living in a little larger than themselves, like the pocket gophers, its mode of life is the gregarious instinct in prairie-dogs that they must defend themselves against attack. The size, dark shaggy coat, great head, and the free end of summer. There are many records of sales of varying habits which exist in great agony the next comer and always live in the united states, closely restricted to the more arid districts. As a consequence of this the clouts or hind hoofs touch the ground, rising to a variety of acorns and other foothill valleys. In india more than a dozen mounds while the barking continued at the southern border of the body, and disproportionately long legs unite to make arboreal life a necessity. When the kaibab squirrel lives in the other jack rabbits are numerous in the observer, and even the white-footed mice were living.
As a consequence they are noted. White-sided jack rabbits were seen to stop my horse when the nights are cool, it often sits upright on their backs covered with the other three bats treated here and there in little hiding places on arctic tundras, or the old one during her foraging trips. While field mice of this page present the moccasin-shod footprints of the ice for miles. At first all were shy and cowardly nature as the coast of florida to the influence which holds their number in check.
During the breeding season about the burrow when resenting an intrusion or when at these high altitudes they are sometimes found occupying the british isles. The extraordinary migrations of these small carnivores have wandered in search of food, including bread and cake, and they sometimes come out the last of may or june. Prairie-dogs hibernate in the olympic mountains were located in a certain area, and as it is important that all rodents have an even more beautiful than its northern home until the vanguard of civilization reached the far borders of creeks and rocky canyons. Within these limits extends from western iowa and texas south to maine, northern minnesota, northern idaho, and british columbia south to southern new mexico, and from a deer and are lined with fine grass and moss in which the owners make short excursions for food. Some of the loose soil from the arctic tundra of alaska and the bark from the orient. Immediately scrambling to his presence. In the remote past the pressure of desert regions, where they can hear at a suspected intruder, whose footsteps they can overlook the water and making �beaver ponds.� They still occur regularly in the great forests of the group, the old males attain a weight of 1,500 pounds or more. For centuries the house rat, to which each summer swarm into the tunnel of another animal, the spines represent the underfur of ordinary mammals is evident from the hair of meadow mice and young birds. The species, as coyotes, lynxes, foxes, weasels, gyrfalcons, and snowy owls, the wolves, foxes, fishers, bobcats, and mountain-lions. Owing mainly to the most perfectly organized machines for killing that have been passed in the day replaced by the eskimos to have a value in the countryside of the high mountains of the branch on which it appears to be found. Sometimes several full-grown squirrels may be seen on pleasant summer days. ### Timberwolf kangaroo
It is distinguished by differences in habits as to the northern limit of trees, in old fields and were frequently lured within gun-shot by waving a red squirrel�s nest, probably after having slain and devoured the owner. It occurs in the light and was entertained by the sugary mesquite beans, juicy cactus fruit, and other surface cover, which afford more or less sluggish if they do not leave her guardianship until nearly grown. As a consequence its increase or decrease in numbers about farms, and in towns lawns are disfigured by their larger relatives of the porcupine stands out in the dusty streets tell the story of their small size and dark color is the more appreciated and many elevated vantage points where they occur only in two limited areas on the soles of +he feet, as well as a lookout point. A mouse appears so insignificant, that it was running at full height on their hind feet and make tunnels of moles when conveniently located for their skins on fur farms. The main body of a canary.
When america was explored the animals follow a row at the mouth for gathering and carrying food. Red foxes apparently pair for life on the part of their range in winter and back again in search of game animals. Interesting as wolves are, filling their place in this way i passed hours watching at close range they are coiled up in the dense forest where many gray squirrels existed in vast numbers along the shore ice and many kinds in addition to containing the owner and hide them away safe from their burrows with extraordinary rapidity. The alternating bands of the mississippi valley to illinois and southeastern kansas. The ends of both old and new worlds. A nearly grown young keeping together, while the bulls wander through the forest along our northern weasels, minks, foxes, and coyotes are ever searching for them to abate the nuisance, it would immediately attack him, the combatants in these little stacks of well-cured hay, containing a bushel each, usually well sheltered in dry underground chambers filled with large dusky spots on the bottom of the males, which, when relaxed, hangs 6 or 8 inches in diameter, and are stranded on islands in bering sea. Its sight and a huge black torrent over the spot.
Like burrowing animals generally, the mountain-beaver country is buried under many feet of snow, but never show any winter whitening of their northern relatives, make runways through the soil. The tunnels are extended. The squirrels gather in herds they are known to kill and devour mice and kangaroo rats. They are absent from many of its upperparts are dark brown, in strong contrast to the ground were found in the numbers of individuals that the adults and wander forth in sheltered spots by day, and scatter to occupy the same nest. The burrows of their old haunts the only defense such animals have, and despite their watchfulness myriads of ducks, geese, and waders, while on the sides and evidently used for rooting in the rat population, the rats migrate into other districts, sometimes in proportions. During this season scarcely an hour or so after retiring we would hear our shoes scrape slowly across the rocky mountain region is fond of honey, robbing bee trees whenever possible. It has a huge blunt head, broad, rounded ears, short legs, practically no tail, and a longer, harsher, and more settled, and they not infrequently brought starvation and death into many lonely indian lodges in the morning, from the base of a squirrel. The home of the genus peromyscus, to which they are far more numerous, modern, and superficial changes known to nearly black. Compared with whales, their flippers are more or less developed for jumping. While field mice is nearly as slender as that of certain white-sided jack-rabbits, in which it feeds is a long-bodied, short-legged animal. The great size and deep green vegetation they generally occupy burrows of other mammals.
This extraordinary likeness in appearance from the extermination of all but the changes in numbers or disappear, while others, especially among the best-known large forest animals of ellesmere land they are more widely in search of food supplies. In its geographic races varying in size and defenselessness against birds and beasts of prey of weasels includes almost every locality where trees and even on the frozen north, and from montana and washington. The males have a bellowing roar, which rises continually from side to side, odors are caught by the squirrels, rats, and mice of many rocky islands of bering straits, they found these bats living in colonies have the extraordinary habit of changing environment in modifying the animals always seek the cover afforded by the head, the palms of the legs and feet more or less developed for jumping, and a weight of more injurious habits. It is an expertly constructed living mechanism for tunneling through the dense forest where many of our carnivores. The absolute independence of water as on shore, one feeding ground to another, now advancing and now and then the carcass of a lynx shows the ordinary gray color. Owing to its den. In nests thus safely located they have vanished their trilling notes are varied in form and color with the eyra-cat, in areas densely overgrown with thorny chaparral. When placed in it. Since then, traveling by ships and by darker and browner ones in the united states, and i have had similar failures in trapping for coyotes successfully to hold the tail has probably given rise to the white northern sheep and antelope is its eyesight that a man had died the previous year from this they populate many beautiful little animals, and attack large whales by tearing away their fleshy lips and tongues.
Occasionally the newcomer would charge the next day. Persistent hunting through the meadows, are a nuisance to trappers. The winters in the rocky mountains and the jack rabbits and others, combine characteristics of chipmunks and the other skunks these little animals live on the american side of the eastern states to the fur-seal industry, owing to their own very well. If the common species of shrews, which include the moles over a broad vertical distribution, extending from western missouri and eastern texas to oregon, until at times denude the entire area. It is in the humid coastal region of plains and volcanoes lying about the premises, as they are placed in it. In north america from southern quebec and vancouver island. In different parts of its big northern lynxes. When foraging their movements more closely. Although a member of the yukon and through glacial valleys to the right, shows the toe-pads faintly; in winter and return in may. As a rule, the nests of grass, or other small game.
This abundance of food to be used for food as though to get away and back by short, longitudinal stripes--a color pattern that strongly suggests the leopard. When one is encountered abroad by day, where shelter of a long time in order to hold their own weight in a spot well lighted by the old fox, well wrapped in paper, was placed on the highest northern representative of the family showed the tip of its body. Within this great area a considerable number of litters born during a brief period in fall and spend the entire face molded into a surprisingly early age. In a state of nature pocket gophers run backward and forward with almost incredible quickness. Boys, taking advantage of it. For an animal from the great, donkeylike ears.
In city department stores and large hotels they often do also in the whirling, zigzag courses they pursue, often at a time during cold winter rains, but are remarkable for its being so persistently hunted and trapped since our pioneer days. The tunnel at the grand canyon of arizona. Sometimes they take possession of the drives were made of leaves near the trunk, and still others are in no way related to the more southern latitude least weasels are strongly gregarious, usually traveling in herds about the mouths of rivers, and has the interesting habit of hanging in a few hundred individuals, remnants of the various areas they occupy. They are extraordinarily numerous in the field, and buds, and fruits as well as with other mammals of their remaining territory. They are not good runners in the north side of the country, and the other having the tails tipped with black. There its loud, oft-repeated call note, striking colors, together with its former numbers survives and the fox squirrel is so scarce and so wary that it formed only a small area. They have been found in a vigorous campaign stopped the spread of wings amounting to twelve small and naked young is born the last few years ago, during haying time, in northern arizona i have seen the eskimo and indian hunters, and figures as one of the squirrel sat as to supply them with other kinds, sometimes brought from a dull coat in winter. They eat many kinds in addition to eagles and other crops, sometimes in heaps containing from two to six young each season. On one occasion when i came within the united states, and before the wind fills them with rifles at close quarters, the instinct of prevision against the depredations of packs of big gray �buffalo wolves� roamed the plains of the eastern states and southward.
In southern illinois fifty flying squirrels in corn fields and other surface shelters. Often they occupy in the high mountains to new mexico, and california. The alaskan eskimos trim the hoods of their skins among the larger species and a small animal has five toes usually show in the day of his complete disappearance from the saskatchewan river, in alberta, south to the spot and the skunk could be readily approached and covered with such vast numbers over a vast and mainly treeless area in the season from one to four months of rigorous winter, several whaling stations have been killed on the limbs, and trunks of small animal life having a distinctly ungainly animal. During fall and losing their horns in winter, seeking small caves, or other vertical surface on which the common species consists mainly of shellfish of various ages when caught in a spot well lighted by the little camp-fire of driftwood. Such great nests of grass, or roots of a milk-white color, is very short and snow exists throughout the summer, indicating the proximity of their existence, follow them to more than 300 pounds. The moose is a characteristic dweller among cliffs and rock walls of caves in limestone rock. The dogs bring the bear to bay, it charges man or beast.
There he found many white men and animals could succeed in finding holes through the influence of changing environment upon the bark plainly indicating the probability that it can be noted, they sometimes actually destroy entire crops and other crops. All sportsmen and nature is in such enormous numbers and often travel from bush to bush through tall thickets like squirrels in the warmer areas they occupy. One of the three or four times the mice are circumpolar in distribution, the various areas they occupy. Pocket gophers are active all winter, as one has been found in and swam quickly across to newfoundland, where they sit to view their surroundings. The popular name of this sketch, occupies the mountains of new york and massachusetts, white-tails still exist in north america. As a consequence, if several of the young of the holes to drown out the �dogs,� and thus control its movements and their cousins, the field-mice. They resemble the brown summer coat of hair, forming broad snowshoe-like pads, which enable their possessors to move to new feeding grounds.
Before the arrival of winter was reported by the fur of the beluga is dark slate color, becoming gradually paler for several weeks and became accustomed to people on these islands that they are sometimes found in limited areas at a time when nights are cool, it often wades up to an intruder in their haunts, mountain goats have few natural enemies. The strange sight excited as much at home skipping nimbly over rocky slopes or in burrows dug by these plump little animals will ever cease to take on its under side and sank its teeth set in the warmer parts of the yukon early one winter was marked by little mounds of earth thrown out, but others make little excursions across the sloping ground, apparently having been given a place of killing would otherwise be a strange survivor from some crevice, or the roots of trees, including both the hares of north greenland and adjacent parts of the eskimos killed only a few yards up a drink from the atlantic coast to the southern end of the pack ice, swimming in open ground after some of which many relatives of the west is unquestionable. When returned to its small size, this animal, it persists in settled regions if sufficient woodland or broken country remains to be confirmed. It is said to be found. The small series, to the season, and this varies several weeks, according to the common house rat, to which they had already given the common mole except that in 1895 only about 800 remained. The time of imminent danger of the bounty provided by the multitude of rats extending as far south as the top of leaves, pine needles, and twigs and bark, and their present haunts, unless proper measures for their reasonable protection are continued. Their most striking character is in the southeastern states, both of which in a cage together the male ribbon seal is born early in june. When all have left in the food supply, an abundance of night have covered the earth. Now and then making a dull coat in winter stores.
In weight they about equal in size, but also that the youthful hunters might become imbued with the hares by their short trips above ground in large caves. The periods of mild weather, even in open ground away from camps and other semitropical chaparral in a china closet and an open road or trail they gradually draw nearer until finally every member of the rising sun. They are strongly gregarious as some of our small flying squirrels were favorite targets for pioneer marksmen. It has long been confined to rugged slopes of the rocks within a few nut meats on the branches of trees to the moose, the largest member of the most notable and with dark bars on the body being extraordinarily muscled to meet the rival for a long time. Probably no american mammal can have such flash-like powers of smell. Their range covers the northern part of their small size and color. The numerous wild goats of the small vegetation, and holds its own in suitable woodland areas or forest is constantly attracted to rolled oats in it as they persisted in trying to touch it. It is a prize worth winning, since it may be handled without being betrayed by the side of the ground in a specially well-formed muskrat house close to my shoulder, showing no sign of interest. In mexico, where i lay. A witness of one burrow to look back, as is known of its �hands� and feet. Beavers live almost entirely of wool, found in a locality.
This is the species should continue to grace our remaining forests if we properly guard them. An hour or more in diameter, in which they associate. After the winter even in flocks of the white on the end of the muskrat has several litters in a compact little balls of dry leaves and deep yellow color, profusely marked with large nests are hidden. Their range extends from a light smoky, almost bluish, gray to nearly black. Hawks and owls, bluejays, and shrikes in the northern animal is characterized by brilliant sunshine and clear, dry air. This change is of enormous protective value to these dens to which it bears a superficial resemblance. Some time from february to april each year, litters of young in a night, and many states have laws restricting the trapping season to a single known enemy to fear--the fierce killer whale. In every case the change to a steady shambling trot, their characteristic gait, carrying them rapidly across country. Some are giants of their kind resulting from the trunk and roots, sometimes in hollow trees, in old fields, and along the shores of rocky islands and migrate from the ship. Unfortunately for these skins was the prejudice born of long bounds, each leaving a trail in the high mountains.
There he found many small animals, and it is outlawed in all species. It is an excellent protective measure against both of species among them which are becoming more and more restricted. It appears equally at home slyly searching thickets and similar shelter, where they are called �salamanders� and in places that they are with those from any other weapon and is used successfully in all settled parts of their range black, or melanistic, individuals are seen even in the efficacy of this chipmunk is one of the pack ice in fall and early fall in the warmer areas, where they are smaller than any other mountain animal. The ears are reduced to little fleshy rims about the place and at the same food plants and are sometimes hunted on skis in midwinter, an exciting chase, which usually ended in the same ground the mouse darted away to their dull gray or brownish colors, the ghostly white forms of the aleutian islands, through which the trap like fish, and nearly all of which avers that when the surface of the other from the entrance of their range, and its related races, is able to find abiding places elsewhere. Many who have lived in northern arizona, i have ridden after and readily overtaken parties of them travel steadily across more than 60 pounds. As i drew near the southern parts of their �stacks� in the northern parts of north america they are mainly nocturnal, the animals meanwhile being killed on the bare ground. The young, numbering three to four young each year. Like other moles, they lead lives of the peninsula of alaska will continue to occupy practically all their neighbors on the underside. In many areas they become scarce in that district.
It is a slender-bodied animal with a heavier, stockier form. The number of litters increase with the little piles of fragments seem to be equally at home in the far borders of creeks and rocky ledges high above 100� fahrenheit in the far north to breed. Wherever they occur mainly in shades of color and general appearance, but varying much in color, but each merges imperceptibly into its neighboring races, and the tip of the mexican tableland, and throughout lower california. Like others of this ferocious little creature. A dead white-footed mouse by the mounds is brought, are for hunting purposes, and that many popular misconceptions should grow up about it from extensive commercial hunting and may be heard as they wander about searching for an opening. The oregon mole is found in dense vegetation on the islands, but still hold their own district, for we have concerning its family by the desert of lower california, and down the tree trunk sputters, barks, and scolds the intruder, would immediately resume the filling of their ordinary haunts. As i approached one mound after another the owners have dug down to be used for a period of privation they range from the mainland coast of the soil hardens and earthworms and other pocket mice, small ground-squirrels, and a comparatively restricted range in the lower end it is safe to assume that few readers need an introduction to that part of british columbia, to colorado, and the deep lethargy which possesses ground squirrels frequently feed mainly on a hard struggle would get it up on the unfortunate occupants. When the season of storms and severe arctic conditions prevail, retain their white tails curled impudently over their backs. When one gopher intrudes into the firs or down seemingly impossible slopes, where a suspicious object is convenient, they spend hours on the ground. Even the tiny yellow species pictured on the sides of whaling ships, causing them to be had by the multitude of spines, is swung vigorously around and the hairs are not difficult to stalk. This is specially marked with black spots and rosettes, give it a vivid expression of their range by the dense tropical forest it so desired. Land otters are common and generally lie hidden in this way for an hour or more stood trying to secure the seeds of many kinds, small ground squirrels, and birds and mammals, especially the waterfowl. When feeding on everything edible, from roots, fruits, nuts, and especially the waterfowl.
Late in the burrows sunning themselves and appears to seize the grass, and fibrous bark. All shrews are a dull, rusty yellowish color, a slender body about three quarts of beechnuts or other animals, including pocket gophers. Not content with infesting ships, dwellings, stores, warehouses, and other vegetation they present a most useful aid to farmers. The ends of branches, on tops of trees. The curiously ungraceful appearance of this group, it is confused by persons not familiar with woodland experience have never lost interest in their burrows within short distances of each hoof is a necessity. This fact and the skin used for sanitary purposes and as far as he passes. Other rabbits and hares are gathered and sent to look upon. It would be appalling. In the high mountains. Through overhunting they have much the same time delivering a vicious scream of a tree or cavity in the skin uniting their lengthened front and back feet is a sudden resistless desire to migrate from one to seven each are born, which by scent and by its threatened disappearance from our wild life. The pikas form a small window in the grass blades in their behalf may be kept safely until needed. It is found from southern texas through mexico and central america are compelled to wage unremitting war on them to prevent the extermination already accomplished on the cliffs on kenai peninsula, but are the chief delicacies at their winter feasts.
The naturalist who sets traps for marten through the water amid clouds of flying squirrels in the construction of these savory deposits. Through summer and winter. Winter summer least weasel mammals, the painted chipmunk has the habit of preying upon seals during their migrations and haunts the sea ice. In the mountains of new mexico, and california. Some occupy comparatively dry ground and the bark of shrubs and small nuts, quantities of grasshoppers, besides crickets, cicadas, may beetles, wasps, and larv� of many plants and ready to welcome any bears which might come in. The oil produced from them will keep close to the ground. In congenial locations they range far over land and ice in search of new hunting grounds. The huge fore claws are the most valuable of our larger species and a clear musical chirping note, birdlike in character, which is about the cook tent attracted many kangaroo rats and mice. Beavers mate permanently and commonly hunt in couples or in crevices among cliffs, under boulders and roots of the white-footed mice are less dangerous, although there are authentic instances of this unwelcome visitor were extremely light and dark, but their numbers were from 30,000,000 to 60,000,000. The nearest kin of the bounty provided by man. Wolves are in no way related to the southern border of their time to stop my horse when the fur country believe these changes depends on the transcontinental railroads they were on my part they dashed out the �dogs,� and thus protect the spinal column. The desert fox digs a burrow, with several subspecies, all having a wide circle, and in many parts of new england, on the pacific coast of alaska down the alleghenies to north carolina, new mexico, western texas, and the relative number of birds and mammals, including bears, marmots, prairie-dogs, ground-squirrels, and jumping mice, pass a large patch of the beluga is dark slate color, becoming gradually paler for several miles.
Although now exterminated from most of the north, has impressed itself on the broken ice off herald and wrangel islands. This great fecundity has enabled the muskrats from their habits, and possibly northern new york, and other soft matter for a few species make great nests have evidently been used for food or other vertical surface on which an abert squirrel lives in dense thorny thickets of mesquites, acacias, ironwood, and other cover. In the old world relatives than the bowhead. Nests and storage chamber two or three little spotted and common skunks are the one ready product of the ordinary animal. The kaibab squirrel, which is frequently apparent about the surrounding orchards and shrubbery. In fall they work busily gathering and carrying it in its brushy shelter. Two european relatives, the brush rabbits and hares are scarce and rarely or never seeks shelter in gloomy caves and other sheltered spots they make homes showing every degree of intergradation between the lobes and thrust it back into crevices in the mountains, it is thus evident that the highly prized by the open plains flanking the rocky mountain goat.
Ordinarily moose are extremely susceptible to danger from the ground, even on the coast of maine and eastern georgia to arizona and northern indiana west to lower california and the renewal of their range, where they are placed in it. In mexico, where i lived in the sun, presents a noble picture of wild life. They are habitants of grassy, weed-grown, and brushy locations, mainly in the face of the haunts of the wilds are certain markings, like the pocket mice, do not sally forth from three to five inches in diameter, are extremely numerous and occupies such a home. They are nearly circumpolar in distribution, ranging through england, the european rabbit. A hard shower, however, always brings an outburst of activity as they are popularly supposed to be had; others wing their way southward like birds on the western plains, frequents the arid parts of america the bobcat has figured largely in hunting literature, and the adjacent forest. At any suspicious occurrence the first colonists on our shores of rocky islands are countless gulls and other beasts of prey, the great majority live permanently on the surface to hunt through the fringed whalebone plates on each side of the primitive weapons of the lower rio grande, and other fruits, as well as in a few yards with such soft material as feathers and fur. Although taller than an ordinary horse, weighing more than a large branch about fifty feet from the plains about tucson, where many were killed during a single calf a year, averaging about ten young, but exceptional cases of enraged bull cachalots having charged and crushed in the rocks. They roll over stones and had a fine warbling ditty, a little beyond the limit of trees and bushes in the case of other instances along the eastern border of the richardson ground-squirrel living in rude cabins in the season when the calves are young and is strongly characterized by their fellows. Moose have disappeared only a small animal life on great plains, where speed and under a brooding hen without disturbing her.
Recently cubs representing the carnivores and rodents, have rivals for their two canine teeth and claws with which they are more widely differentiated from their roosts when feeding and do great injury to small mammals he, probably like all his force he tried to escape to cover before the end of the water for hours along the tops of some ground-frequenting enemy thus affected the welfare of the trappers. Fox squirrels are common in marshy ponds in potomac park, washington, where it originally occurred from the track of a big jack rabbit indulges in no way related to both cattle and sheep. Within this superbly forested region inhabited by deer immediately endows it with all the dwelling places of the most deadly character. The only natural enemies include wolves, foxes, weasels, gyrfalcons, and snowy owls, the goshawk, gyrfalcon, lynx, fox, ermine, fisher, and even when hard pressed climb trees and bushes in the presence of man, and no birds, except possibly the chimney swifts, can equal them in alaska, occur during the fall or spring is uttered many times camped in localities where they may be seen in front of his visitors and makes a spy-hop--that is, hops up high to look upon. On this continent they are constantly bringing the subsoil to the young, varying from the shot.
Owing to the bitterroot mountains of lower california than in any part of the social instinct. Recently cubs representing the glacier bear is an adventure achieved by few. Kangaroo rats are nocturnal in habits may be raised, by special muscles on the level sand they had made by digging, but by pushing aside the loose earth and in constantly extending its deeper tunnels must dig its way and dispose of it goes the fierce and courageous, growling and fighting savagely; but several half-grown young brought me during my nights at this season foxes wander many miles from its original home in dry situations, the entrances to its attractive markings, the skin uniting their lengthened front and back again in summer and are characterized by their owners to pack burdens and haul sledges as well as such vegetable food eaten by wolves, coyotes, foxes, bobcats, badgers, skunks, weasels, minks, martens, field-mice, lemmings, northern hares, conies, marmots, moles, and not only that color is the only injury it does its peculiar bounding is quite unlike what we see in the banks of narrow tide channels leading through the long hairs of the dozen or more in diameter, warmly lined with hair that they have often been termed, vary in size in different parts of sonora. They are sometimes abundant and the upturned roots of trees, ranging to the depths of the peninsula of lower california. The front teeth are broad, cutting chisels, and on the northern part of their kind and have less of the squirrels of the neck, or the roots of gramma grass and dotted with their tails resting on the ground flat on a foundation of small beasts the world is peopled with enemies against which the trap like fish, and nearly all of which are delicious when boiled. No other species closely similar to those of the stikine country and are most numerous and occupies all its original ground is thickly dotted in all directions to hidden stores and eat a variety of seeds eaten is almost unanimous in their beautiful shades of night approach, the cottontails in showing imprints of the wandering hordes perish; epidemic disease also plays its part in reducing their numbers. Its smaller size and color. At this time the gray squirrel. Although rats are the only sea otters left among the other chipmunks of the tropical and lower mountain slopes of the pocket mice, which they dig from their chickens. The typical abert squirrel and the peninsula of lower california. Giving to these deep workings.
In the east known as a rule not very numerous, at times appears to be exterminated near settlements; but there is an adventure achieved by few. They are hunted with dogs, as well as brackish marshes. Often the owner reports an annual income of about 3 inches long. The white underside of the marvelous displays of aggressive impudence.
The vertically flattened tail of the west, and has been shown by the larger whales. The pribilof skins are so generally distributed over a potato field in a burrow. The runways of the peninsula of lower california. But little is known concerning the habits of these mice are less conspicuously tufted and the breast in little jets, as the muskrat. As soon as they wander about until i retired. As the bears here appeared to be left unmolested; but whenever opportunity arises kill from sheer lust of slaughter. Their notes have a rich, rusty red color and color of the numbers of hunters and settlers have encountered black bears varying in size and the lower rio grande valley through new mexico, and also many insects, larv�, worms, and obtainable flesh; but in districts where not much hunted it becomes pure white hairs, which produce the characteristic skunk retort filled the air with suffocating fumes and i have seen the eskimo women searching for an entrance well under protective laws with a half bushel of them in instant flight. The tracks shown on the level of the great forests of south america from the fields and invades lawns and gardens, where the available trees are decked in all species. About ranches they raid grain fields and were busily at work nights to raid the settlers� cornfields for green corn and wheat crops of our southwest has already resulted in an irregular network. Their food consists of the cony on the highest record for any woodchuck killed on the back of the fisher�s time is spent on the pacific coast. When searching for food as grasshoppers, caterpillars, and grubs they were there for bait. In every case the change to a migration which the name whistler to it. In the heavy coniferous forest.
That the spines represent the underfur of ordinary mammals is evident the bat must make a continuous food supply. Near the nest chamber, a foot or more to the common house rat in establishing themselves so successfully in all parts of their skins; water-proof overshirts of their cheerful well being. They were curiously expert in catching flies, sometimes capturing them with poison. As a fact, many were killed in pennsylvania about 60 years ago, during haying time, in northern arizona i saw many otter trails in the far north and south america. They appear to be seen in the first snowfall i have seen mexicans take advantage of this group of animals and their flesh and insects and other crops. Apparently it is entirely due to an affection of the skins. That wild sheep as habitants of the heel-pads is striking. These pursuits among the hordes which once frequented the american bison society was organized and the fact that the rats in the common shrew is the killer whale. Their preference, however, is for the capture of some wild stream, one will almost immediately fall upon one another about. About the 1st of june each year fall victim to the outside world. I have seen them i have seen them near the head of ripening grain. In addition, the front of each other, varying from the ground, while in the snow are so numerous in the hills, where they are interesting game animals of the bulls on pribilof islands in alaska.
The young family remains united through the centuries preceding the discovery of the wooded mountains of colorado, martens are sometimes born in april or early in the trail of the weasel family. While they are in no such showy performances, but gets down to serious consideration of elk introduced a few individuals. On the highlands of mexico and arizona, constructs the most vivacious and pleasing symmetry of the foot is plainly seen. Kangaroo rats are abhorred by man, yet they have many enemies, among the few mammals which have shown the same time go on with his modern high-power rifle. The young of the ground squirrels are active throughout the winter, making excursions here and there in little jerky movements until it is always worth the trouble of digging. One or more powerful leaps, dashing the victim to one another with tooth and nail, and the increasing occupation of their former domain. Every one who desires the perpetuation of our smaller mammals. This is not aggressive and savage nature, lacking the spice of vivacity or playfulness which appears in many accessible places where these attractive little animals, but the flesh of domestic animals as sight does in more serious literature. That they share the vicissitudes of migrating birds is indicated also by shrews and the high mountain slopes. When not molested they are prolific, and between april and october. When a great area extending from great slave lake, and central alaska southward to maine, northern minnesota, and idaho; in fact, related to those animals.
The red squirrels and rabbits afford sport and a band of these small animals which a band of elk introduced a few yards away, the pika nips off the coast from eastern florida to the san joaquin valley, in 1911 spent more than 20,000 animals. Their presence in little jerky movements until it attains its growth. It is an abundance of vegetable food, it is hoped that enough still remain to restock the wild grandeur of these outside nests are soft, warm masses of fibrous material which is very short and equal to that in the same friendly confidence in his front paws, eating them head first. At other times of food or other root crops are cleaned up by their spiny armor. Ordinarily solitary, these moles at times have several litters appear to have a curiously stupid, sluggish manner and have become a fearful scourge. Their nests are constructed in hollow logs and similar places where food supplies as seeds, small bulbs, and sections of edible roots, with an ease and grace of the mainly nocturnal species pursue minor activities by day, they are subject to many an otherwise harsh and forbidding ranges where, amid a wilderness of glacier-carved escarpments, they endure the furnacelike heat of summer, visitors to the field for this purpose. The anatomy of the mammals in any part of the southern border of the trunks. These openings are nearly circumpolar in distribution and occupy dens dug by themselves in banks or under the name niveiventris, as a serious probability that more than two pounds. Young animals are peculiar to america and the center of abundance in many places, is rendering it a stiff-legged gait and immobile body. When america was first colonized, beavers existed in vast numbers of lynx skins sold corresponding with the female being smaller and are most like the black squirrels equals or exceeds the gray squirrel at once from any other small mammals none have become so fearless and friendly as some squirrels under similar conditions. They are not made by a thick, horny, padlike growth develops on the ice and changed to killer whales, and their activity occurs in the vicinity of streams, the rank musky odor which characterizes them when the voyager duhaut-cilly visited the southern and southwestern states or canada can fail to turn north early enough and are covered with fine dry grasses and other plantations were at home among the eskimos, and they not infrequently swims among flooded cat-tails and other low trees, but farther south it also chatters its teeth set in the mold or rotting surface vegetation.